Evaluation of the Cariogram for root caries prediction

<p>The relative expression of plasma proteins at 24, 48 and 96 hpi of infected snails were compared against the control group (uninfected snails). Proteins were grouped into 7 different categories based on GO annotation and clustering was performed using Euclidean distances based on the expression patterns. Color intensity reflects the corresponding log₂ fold change and significant up-regulation shown in red, significant down-regulation is shown in blue, and no statistically significant change in abundance is shown in gray.</p

Distribution and prevalence of <i>Opisthorchis viverrini</i>, cholangiocarcinoma, and <i>Bithynia</i> spp. snails in Thailand.

<p>At present, three species of <i>Bithynia</i> act as intermediate hosts for <i>O. viverrini</i>, and their distribution differs all over Thailand. <i>B. siamensis goniomphalos</i> is located in northeast Thailand (thick border), where the prevalence of <i>O. viverrini</i>–associated cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is highest; <i>B. funiculata</i> specifically distributes in north Thailand; and <i>B. siamensis siamensis</i> is mainly found in central and north Thailand, and rarely in the south <a href="http://www.plosntds.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pntd.0002284#pntd.0002284-Sripa1" target="_blank">[2]</a>, <a href="http://www.plosntds.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pntd.0002284#pntd.0002284-Sripa3" target="_blank">[18]</a>–<a href="http://www.plosntds.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pntd.0002284#pntd.0002284-Petney1" target="_blank">[20]</a>.</p

Additional file 5: Figure S1. of Tissue-specific transcriptomes of Anisakis simplex (sensu stricto) and Anisakis pegreffii reveal potential molecular mechanisms involved in pathogenicity

Gene Ontology term distribution of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in Anisakis simplex (s.s.). (JPEG 579 kb

Summary of the RNA-seq data for <i>Bythinia siamensis goniomphalos</i> prior to and following assembly, and bioinformatics annotation and analyses.

*<p>e-value cut-off: 1e-05.</p

Traité général des subsistances militaires... par M. Dupré d'Aulnay,.... Tome 1

Alignment of two EB-module containing orthologues in Anisakis simplex (s.s.) (AS) and A. pegreffii (AP), indicated as module 1 and 2. Conserved cysteines of EB domain are highlighted in red and the whole domain is highlighted in violet. (TIFF 2315 kb

Additional file 6: Figure S2. of Tissue-specific transcriptomes of Anisakis simplex (sensu stricto) and Anisakis pegreffii reveal potential molecular mechanisms involved in pathogenicity

Gene Ontology term distribution of of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in Anisakis pegreffii. (JPEG 982 kb

Homology models for the molecule c962 from <i>Opisthorchis viverrini</i>.

<p>Top row: the models are rendered in cartoon representation with cysteine side chains shown as bars in grey. The colour mapping ramps from blue (N-terminal end) to red (C-terminal end). Bottom row: surface representation of the models is in the same orientation as in the top row. The electrostatic surface potential is mapped by colour (blue: positive charge; red: negative charge). The left panel shows a homology model using <i>Na</i>-ASP-2 (PDB code: 1u53) as a template without restraint. For the model shown in the right panel, two restraints were applied to force disulphide bonds between the remaining cysteine residues. The comparison of both models highlights the significant differences in conformation and shape resulting from different template restraints applied. The images were generated using PyMOL [<a href="http://www.pymol.org/" target="_blank">http://www.pymol.org/</a>].</p

Schematic of the topology of the SCP-fold, location of the <i>c</i>ysteine-rich secretory proteins, <i>a</i>ntigen 5, and <i>p</i>athogenesis-related 1 proteins (CAP) motifs and approximate position of conserved cysteine residues in the primary structure.

<p>The proposed classification of groups of trematode SCP/TAPS proteins is supported by the occurrence of conserved cysteine residues. The grouping of hookworm SCP/TAPS proteins has been reported recently <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0031164#pone.0031164-Osman1" target="_blank">[63]</a>. For the hookworm SCP/TAPS proteins, the cysteine connectivity in the intra-molecular disulphide bonds is known from experimental three-dimensional structures and shown by colour-mapping. The likely cysteine connectivity for trematode SCP/TAPS is hypothetical and based on the modelling in this study.</p

The phylogenetic relationships of single-domain SCP/TAPS proteins (>120 amino acids in length) predicted from the transcriptomes of <i>Clonorchis sinensis</i>, <i>Opisthorchis viverrini</i>, <i>Fasciola hepatica</i> and <i>F. gigantica</i> (liver flukes) and the genomes of <i>Schistosoma mansoni</i>, <i>S. japonicum</i> and <i>S. haematobium</i> (blood flukes) based on Bayesian inference.

<p>Group 1 (a); group 2 (b); group 3 (c); group 4 (d). The posterior probability supporting each clade is indicated. The corresponding phylogenetic reconstructions conducted using Neighbour Joining analyses of single-domain SCP/TAPS proteins are available from the primary author upon request.</p

Scatter plot comparing log2 ratios of FPKM expression values for uninfected and <i>Opisthorchis viverrini</i>-infected <i>Bithynia siamensis goniomphalos</i> snails (UB and IB, respectively).

<p>Scatter plot comparing log2 ratios of FPKM expression values for uninfected and <i>Opisthorchis viverrini</i>-infected <i>Bithynia siamensis goniomphalos</i> snails (UB and IB, respectively).</p