Arquivos escolares no processo de construção dos problemas dos alunos

The role of student records is a scarcely considered issue in those researches that seek to analyze the daily practices carried out in schools, regarding students that are presenting some kind of learning or emotional problem. These records are more likely to be used by researchers as a source of information rather than being themselves the object of study. This research considered that student records were not only a document where professionals write about students and their interventions, but also a tool for configuring practices in certain ways. 127 student records from two district schools within the province of Buenos Aires were analyzed, documents and regulations related to the topic were collected, and interviews with a variety of professionals involved in writing and reviewing the records, were held. This paper presents the strategy for analysis and the categories developed in this exploratory study, concerning the different components of the records, agents and voices identified in them, instruments used, and labels and dimensions created to define the problems.Los legajos escolares de alumnos que están presentando algún tipo de problemas en su desempeño escolar suelen ser un aspecto olvidado a la hora de analizar las prácticas de intervención con dichos alumnos. Aunque son comúnmente utilizados como fuentes de información para diferentes investigaciones, en muy pocas ocasiones se los ha considerado como parte del objeto de estudio mismo. Esta investigación partió de reconocer que los legajos escolares no son sólo documentos que almacenan información sobre las intervenciones con estos alumnos, sino que en su carácter de instrumento de mediación de estas prácticas de diagnóstico y tratamiento tienen una participación inherente en las formas en que se definen los problemas del alumnado. El artículo detalla las diferentes categorizaciones construidas en este estudio descriptivo-exploratorio con respecto a los componentes que integran los legajos, los actores y las voces que se hacen presentes en ellos, las formas de etiquetar los problemas, los instrumentos utilizados y las diferentes dimensiones que se contemplan para construir y explicar las problemáticas. El análisis se hizo sobre la base de 127 legajos construidos a lo largo de tres ciclos lectivos en dos escuelas públicas de Educación General Básica (EGB) del Conurbano Bonaerense, teniendo en cuenta también la normativa y entrevistas con diferentes actores involucrados.Os arquivos escolares de alunos que estão apresentando algum tipo de problemas no desempenho escolar muitas vezes se esquecem quando se analisa as práticas de intervenção com esses alunos. Apesar de serem utilizados como fonte de informação para várias investigações, raramente têm sido considerados como parte do objecto de estudo em si. Esta pesquisa deriva do reconhecimento de que os arquivos da escola não são apenas documentos que armazenam informações sobre as intervenções com esses alunos, mas instrumentos de mediação dessas práticas de diagnóstico e de tratamento que tem um interesse inerente aos caminhos definidos nos problemas dos alunos. O artigo detalha as diferentes categorizações construídas neste estudo exploratório-descritivo em relação aos componentes que compõem os conjuntos, atores e vozes que estão presentes neles, formas de problemas de rotulagem. A análise foi baseada em 127 pacotes construídos ao longo de três ciclos acadêmicos em duas escolas públicas de Educação Básica Geral ( EGB ) de Buenos Aires, tendo em conta as regras e entrevistas com diferentes atores

Knowledge, field and researchers: the production of academic knowledge in the intersections of psychology and education in Argentina (2000-2010)

This thesis analyses knowledge production and the role of the researcher in the intersections of psychology and education in Argentina. It aims to contribute to an\ud understanding of educational psychology as a field of knowledge, both in terms of its present situation and future development. The research draws on and applies\ud conceptual tools from the sociological theory of Basil Bernstein, some contributions from Pierre Bourdieu, and relevant work within the field of higher education studies.\ud \ud The fieldwork has consisted of collecting information on psycho-educational research projects carried out in six psychology faculties in Argentinian public universities during the period 2000-2010 as well as carrying out interviews with a selection of researchers.\ud \ud The analysis presented here illustrates that the structure of the psycho-educational field is conceived by academics as a horizontal knowledge structure with weak grammar, and comprising various disputes with respect to topics, methodologies, theoretical approaches and ways of conceiving knowledge production. Formal education contexts, especially at the university level, as well as the role of students are shown to be the most studied objects in the psycho-educational research, which has produced knowledge on, for example, academic trajectories, school failure, school interactions, cognitive and personality aspects, subjectivity processes in education, and academic tasks and devices. The research also illustrates that the most privileged methodology is qualitative, although there is also a consolidated tradition in ‘scientific’ approaches.\ud \ud Furthermore, the research illustrates that the professional practice of academics producing psycho-educational knowledge is mainly configured as a multi-tasking profession, where there are weak insulations between the different professional roles and weak framing of the researcher role, as its realization and recognition\ud rules are less explicit and require constant negotiation. Thus, academics tend to draw on other professional practices in the decisions related to their practices of\ud knowledge production, and legitimation strategies based not only on knowledge codes but also on knower codes are identified. Finally, an organisational language\ud that puts in relation the strength of the specialisation of the research role with the legitimation strategies of knowledge is proposed, identifying four different strategies\ud of identity formation as researchers in the field: Specialist researcher, artisan researcher, theory-affiliated academic, and generalist professional

¿Un 4 es un 7? y otros dilemas. Criterios de calificación y acreditación en las comisiones evaluadoras del nivel secundario en la provincia de Buenos Aires

El artículo se inscribe en proyectos de investigación desarrollados en la Universidad Nacional de General Sarmiento que indagan en las prácticas de evaluación en los momentos críticos de las transiciones entre niveles educativos. En este marco, se focaliza en los dilemas y debates presentes en las decisiones acerca de la acreditación en las comisiones evaluadoras de diciembre y febrero que establece el Régimen Académico (2011) para el nivel secundario de la provincia de Buenos Aires. Se analizan entrevistas sobre prácticas de evaluación de aprendizajes realizadas a 24 docentes de primer año de 6 escuelas secundarias de los distritos de Moreno y San Miguel. El artículo busca dar cuenta de la variedad de criterios que se tensionan en la toma de decisiones en estas instancias. Con tal propósito, presenta variaciones en los criterios en relación a la selección de contenidos y a la calificación en las Comisiones Evaluadoras, así como al lugar otorgado a los períodos de orientación y apoyo. Se dedica especial atención a las interpretaciones construidas por los y las docentes acerca de la estipulación en la normativa de la aprobación con 4 (cuatro) en las Comisiones Evaluadoras en comparación con el mínimo de 7 (siete) requerido durante el ciclo lectivo. La sistematización realizada muestra cómo, más allá de los avances en las regulaciones en los últimos años, los y las docentes han ido construyendo abanicos variados y singulares de estrategias y criterios para definir la aprobación o desaprobación de la materia que dictan. Estos criterios evidencian las tensiones generadas en el binomio selectividad-inclusión que caracteriza al proceso de expansión de la educación secundaria, y ponen en tensión lo normado con  dilemas estructurales que enfrenta el sistema educativo

Numerical simulations of embedded wrinkle defects geometry on the strength knockdown of FRP composites

With the wide adoption of composite materials for a variety of applications, the prediction of their failure remains a challenging prospect. To complicate this scenario, out-of-plane fibre waviness defects, also known as wrinkle defects, are a major type of manufacturing defects that can degrade the mechanical performances of continuous carbon fibre composite panels, especially their compressive strength. In this work, the effects of such defects on square composite specimens are addressed through Finite Element (FE) analysis. A Matlab-Abaqus FE routine is proposed, which is capable of generating a wide variety of composite specimens with several types of embedded wrinkles and a number of controllable parameters. Parametric analyses are then performed to investigate the effects of defects characteristics on the knockdown in compressive strength, and several conclusions are drawn. Results show that is possible to determine the dependence of compressive strength on various wrinkle parameters such as amplitude or angle

Crashworthiness and dimensional stability analysis of zero Poisson’s ratio fish cells lattice structures

The present article introduces Zero Poisson's Ratio (ZPR) Fish Cells metamaterial and investigates the effects of Poisson's Ratio on the crashworthiness of Positive (PPR), Negative (NPR), and Zero Poisson's Ratio lattice structures. High-fidelity Finite Element models of the proposed sandwich structures are built, based on identical domains for unit cells. Impact performances of lattice structures are addressed for low (2 m/s) and high (5 m/s) impact velocities in three orthogonal directions. The parameters investigated for crashworthiness include impactor's penetration depth, von Mises stress distribution, edges deformation and dimensional stability. Numerical results demonstrate that, unlike PPR and NPR models, the Fish Cells ZPR model possesses greater lateral stability and structural integrity with minimal edge deformations in all three directions. This leads to reduced lateral impact transfer to adjacent components and localised damaged zones, increasing the life span of structural components while reducing maintenance and repair downtime. Experimental analyses are conducted on the Fish Cells metamaterial through a drop tower test for demonstrating agreement with simulations and validation of the proposed modelling approach

Estudio descriptivo de estructuras anatómicas accesorias en maxilar y mandíbula mediante tomografía computarizada de haz cónico

La seguridad del paciente persigue el objetivo de reducir el daño sufrido y la identificación de medidas que mejoren el resultado de las intervenciones quirúrgicas para prevenir la aparición de eventos adversos. La creciente demanda en la realización de procedimientos quirúrgicos en la cavidad bucal, así como su complejidad, implica la necesidad de adecuar proporcionalmente los estudios radiológicos para una identificación más precisa de las características anatómicas presentes en la región a intervenir. El CBCT permite obtener imágenes tomográficas y volúmenes tridimensionales mediante un único haz de radiación que rota alrededor del individuo. La información que aporta el CBCT permite la identificación de estructuras anatómicas maxilares, como septa en el interior del seno maxilar o ramificaciones del Canalis Sinuosus, y mandibulares, como variaciones en el conducto dentario inferior o forámenes accesorios, con el fin de prevenir complicaciones traumáticas, hemorrágicas o neurológicas durante el acto quirúrgico..

Multi-objective shape optimization of large strain 3D helical structures for mechanical metamaterials

The need for mechanical metamaterials with large strain range and lightweight properties are evidenced to engineering applications. In this regard, novel helical structures are proposed as suitable unit cell’s components of mechanical metamaterials. Three-dimensional helical structures composed of varying coil numbers, defined in a cylindrical spatial domain are shape optimized through genetic algorithm in a finite element script for conflicting objectives of minimum mass and maximum tensile range. The superior performance of the shape optimized helical structure is highlighted in terms of structural rigidity, large deformation capability, buckling and vibrational modal analysis in compare to equivalent coil springs of identical weight and comparable domain. Deformation mechanism is analyzed carefully to justify the improved performances of proposed structure. Tensile and compressive experimental analysis are undertaken to validate the enhanced strain ranges. One dimensional metamaterials implementations with various tessellation arrangements are simulated. Results show that the proposed design can effectively generate lightweight substitutes of metamaterials unit cells ligaments to improve the strain range performance. Planar and lattice metamaterial concepts employing shape optimized helical structure are illustrated to demonstrate the possibilities of promoting lightweight structural integrities in the design of mechanical metamaterials