Comparison of ultrasound, mammography and histopathology findings of the cases with gynecomastia

Background: Gynecomastia is the development of a fibroepithelial structure in the male breast as a result of many benign and malignant effects. In this study, after the confirmation of gynecomastia diagnosis in the male cases with swelling, mass and tenderness in the breast using ultrasound and mammography examinations, its etiology was clarified by laboratory tests. In case of suspicion, the diagnosis was confirmed using Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy (FNAB). The adequacy of ultrasound and mammography was discussed with the obtained information and the information in the literature, and the etiological and radiological classification was done.Methods: Ultrasound and mammography examinations were performed on 74 male patients with growth, palpable masses or pain in the breast. Biochemistry and hormone analysis were performed with imaging methods in the cases of possible gynecomastia. Biopsy was performed on the cases with the suspicion.Results: Gynecomastia were divided into three types in ultrasonic and mammographic examination. The most frequent gynecomastia was observed as Type 3 (51.43%) in ultrasonic examination and as diffuse type (61.42%) in mammographic examination. Pain and tenderness accompanied with swelling at the breast were present in 37.84% of the cases. 31.42% had pubertal gynecomastia, 25.71% had gynecomastia secondary to drug use, and 15% had idiopathic gynecomastia.Conclusions: Combined use of ultrasound and mammography in the diagnosis and classification of gynecomastia is highly sufficient and biopsy should be performed if malignancy is suspected.

Do the manipulations in pediatric inguinal hernia operations affect the vascularization of testes?

Purpose: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of manipulations performed in inguinal hernia operations on testicular perfusion, in pediatric age group using Doppler ultrasonography (DUS). Methods: In this prospective clinical trial, 51 boys who underwent elective inguinal hernia repair were examined before the operation and in early-late postoperative periods. Blood flow indices of centripetal and capsular arteries including peak systolic velocity (PSV), end-diastolic velocity (EDV), and resistivity index (RI) were examined by DUS. Results: There was a statistically significant increase in early postoperative PSV and R1 values compared with preoperative findings. These values turned to normal in late postoperative period. The increase in early and decrease in late postoperative EDV values were not statistically significant compared to preoperative findings. Conclusions: The surgical manipulations performed in inguinal hernia operations in children cause transient changes in testes vascularization in early postoperative period but turns to normal late postoperatively. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved

Utility of diffusion-weighted imaging in the evaluation of liver fibrosis

Objectives To evaluate the usefulness of diffusion- weighted MRI (DWI) in the detection and staging of liver fibrosis and inflammation

ABDOMINAL IMAGING ORIGINAL ARTICLE

Non-breath-hold high b-value diffusion-weighted MRI with parallel imaging technique: apparent diffusion coefficient determination in normal abdominal organ

Respiratory gated multidetector computed tomography: Applicable for diagnostic abdominal imaging?

Purpose: To evaluate the ability and accuracy of a respiratory gated technique used with contrast enhanced MDCT of the upper abdomen with focus on diagnostic image quality and depiction of organs and major vessels. Materials and methods: Forty-five adult patients who were referred to our institution for follow-up dynamic contrast enhanced abdominal CT imaging were included in this study. Respiratory gated CT scans were performed with the use of a dedicated hardware. A multiphasic CT scan was performed for each patient Respiratory gated images were obtained between early arterial and portal venous phases during free breathing. Images of respiratory gated (RG) and breathhold (BH) phases were compared qualitatively and quantitatively by two radiologists. Definitive statistical methods were used for evaluating the scoring data, while Mann Whitney U test was used for comparison. Statistical significance was accepted for p values <0.05. Results: Statistical significant difference was found for comparison of scores regarding luminal opacification and contoural integrity of intrahepatic vascular structures with scores of RG scans rated poor to moderate (e.g. 2.86 +/- 1.07 for luminal opacification of intrahepatic portal veins as well as border detectability) in comparison to scores of BH scans rated good to excellent (e.g. 1.37 +/- 1.31 for lumina] opacification, 1.35 +/- 1.28 for border detectability of intrahepatic portal veins, p < 0.001). Furthermore, statistical significant differences were found for general image noise levels (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Further technical advances of RG technique could enable routine use of this technique for selected patient groups. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved

Virtual and fiber-optic bronchoscopy in patients with indication for tracheobronchial evaluation

Objective : The aim of this study was to compare the results of virtual bronchoscopy (VB) images in defining tracheobronchial pathologies with those of fiber-optic bronchoscopy (FOB) in patients with clinical indication for bronchoscopy. Methods : Twenty-two patients with bronchoscopy indication were evaluated with FOB and VB. The VB results were evaluated blindly, independent of the FOB results. Results : In 19 of the 22 patients, tracheobronchial abnormalities were present on FOB, whereas 3 patients had normal findings on FOB. In 17 of 19 patients, VB demonstrated the FOB diagnosis of tracheobronchial abnormality. While FOB detected 11 endoluminal lesions, VB detected 6. While FOB detected 20 obstructive lesions, VB detected 26. In evaluating external compression, FOB detected 2 lesions and VB detected 15. Conclusions : VB is a non-invasive, uncomplicated, and reproducible examination method in patients with an indication for thorax examination. Virtual bronchoscopy could find a clinically broader field of application in the future

Contribution of Diffusion-Weighted Imaging to Diagnosis and Staging of Cervical Cancer

Background: Cervical cancer is the second most common female malignancy worldwide. Although its incidence has decreased in developed countries due to screening with Papanicolaou test, it is still the leading cause of cancer-related female death in developing countries. Aims: The aim of this study was to determine whether the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) measurements calculated from diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) images had any contribution in differentiation of normal cervical tissue from malignant lesions preoperatively, and whether there was a correlation between the mean ADC values and tumor type, grade, or stage in malignant lesions. Study Design: Case-control study. Methods: Mean ADC values in 25 patients who had cervical cancer proved histopathologically, and 20 patients with otherwise normal uterus were compared. Also in the study group, mean ADC values were compared between histopathologic subtypes, tumor grades, and stages. Results: In the study group the mean ADC values (0.96±0.15x10-3 mm2/s) were statistically lower than that of the control group (1.67±0.17x10-3 mm2/s) (p0.05). There was also no significant difference between the mean ADC values of the tumor grades (p>0.05). The mean ADC values in early stage cervical cancer (0.86±0.05x10-3 mm2/s) were significantly lower than the mean ADC values in late stage disease (0.98±0.06x10-3 mm2/s) (p<0.05). Conclusion: ADC value measurements may provide useful information in diagnosis of cervical cancer as well as in preoperative assessment of the tumor stage