Acylated and Desacylated Ghrelin, Preptin, Leptin, and Nesfatin-1 Peptide Changes Related to the Body Mass Index

This study examines the levels of acylated and desacylated ghrelin, preptin, leptin, and nesfatin-1 peptide changes related to the body mass index (BMI). The subjects were allocated to 5 groups depending on their BMIs as follows: Group I (BMI 40 kg/m2). Serum acylated and desacylated ghrelin, preptin, and leptin levels were measured by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and nesfatin-1 was measured by the enzyme immunoassay (EIA). Desacylated ghrelin levels showed a gradual and statistically significant drop from Group I to Group V, while preptin and leptin levels exhibited a gradual and significant increase from Group I to Group IV. Serum nesfatin-1 levels gradually, but not significantly, increased from Group I to Group III and showed a significant decrease in Groups IV and V. In conclusion, leptin, preptin, and acylated ghrelin (AG) levels increased with higher BMI, whereas desacylated ghrelin (DAG) decreased and nesfatin-1 showed no clear relationship to BMI

Alterations in some pancreatic functions, biochemical and haematological parameters in cattle due to traumatic reticuloperitonitis

Traumatic reticuloperitonitis (TRP), which results from penetration of reticulum and peritoneum by metallic foreign bodies, causes various clinical problems such as stasis of gastrointestinal system, vagal indigestion, thoracic, hepatic or reticular abcesses, pericarditis, peritonitis, myocarditis or other secondary problems (Ducharme, 1990; Ward and Ducharme, 1994; Radostits et al., 1994)

The effect of L-Carnitine injection at prepartum period on the plasma IgG level and Gamma-Glutamyltransferase (GGT) activity in cows and calves

This study investigated the effect of L-carnitine on IgG and GGT levels in cows receiving L-carnitine during the last three weeks of pregnancy and on the parturition and their newborn calves. The study involved 20 cows and their calves. Animals were divided into two equal groups; cows in L-carnitine group subcutaneously received 3 injections of 1g/cow/day of L-carnitine weekly intervals during the last three weeks of gestation, at the parturition (0 day) and control group received placebo during the same period. All cows and newborn calves were blood sampled on the 1 and 3 days after birth in order to determine IgG, total protein and albumine and GGT concentrations. The concentrations of IgG, total protein, albumine, and GGT. The values were similar in cows of both groups but calves in L-carnitine group had higher GGT levels on day 1 and 3 and IgG level on day 3 whereas IgG level was higher in control calves on day 1. As a result, L-carnitine injection in pregnant cows did not cause a significant change in IgG, GGT, total protein and albumine levels in cows and their newborn calves

The effects of L-carnitine administration on energy metabolism in pregnant Halep (Damascus) goats

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of parenteral administration of L-carnitine on some biochemical parameters in Halep (Damascus) goats during the last month of pregnancy. L-carnitine was administrated to goats in group I (n = 13) by subcutaneous injections once a week during the last month of the pregnancy. Physiologic salt solution was administered to goats in group II (n = 12) by the same route during the same period. Differences of glucose concentration between groups were not significant (P > 0.05). Serum beta-hydroxybutyric acid (BHB) concentrations in both groups increased until parturition. However, differences between groups were not significant (P > 0.05). Concentration of serum NEFA (Non Esterified Fatty Acid) in group I was lower compared to group II 2 weeks before parturition (P 0.05). Level of glucose concentration in L-carnitine administered goats with twin kids was higher than the controls with twin kids in the 2(nd) (P < 0.01) and 3(rd) weeks (P < 0.05) before parturition. It was concluded that parenteral administration of L-carnitine might be a protective measure against pregnancy toxemia (ketosis) via increasing serum glucose concentration in goats with twin pregnancy

Effect of L-Carnitine administration on energy metabolism during periparturient period in ewes

Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of L-Carnitine administration on energy metabolism during periparturient period in fat tailed ewes. In Experiment 1, L-Carnitine (I g/50 kg, Treatment 1, n=8) and physiologic saline (Treatment 11; n=8) were administered subcutaneously weekly until lambing for seven or eight weeks. In Experiment 11, L-Carnitine (0.5 g/50 kg, Treatment 1, n=6) and physiologic saline (Treatment 11; n=5) administered subcutaneously twice a week until lambing for at least three weeks. Blood samples were collected during treatments and one week after lambing to determine serum non esterified faty acid (NEFA), beta-hidroxybutiric acid (BHBA), total triglyceride and glucose concentrations. In experiment 1, NEFA concentrations significantly (P<0.01) increased until parturition followed by sudden decrease, and the concentrations were significantly lower (P<0.01) in L-Carnitine group. In Experiment 11, serum NEFA concentrations were significantly (P<0.01) lower at and one week prior to lambing in ewes treated with more than four weeks compared to those treated with four or less than four weeks prepartum. Serum concentrations gradually (P<0.01) increased until parturition followed by sudden decrease in all groups. However, serum NEFA concentrations did not differ in Experiment II. In conclusion, L-Carnitine administration during periparturient period decreased serum NEFA concentrations without any changes in serum BHBA, triglyceride and glucose concentrations