Racial variations in appetite-related hormones, appetite, and laboratory-based energy intake from the E-MECHANIC randomized clinical trial

African Americans (AAs) have a higher obesity risk than Whites; however, it is unclear if appetite-related hormones and food intake are implicated. We examined differences in appetite-related hormones, appetite, and food intake between AAs (n = 53) and Whites (n = 111) with overweight or obesity. Participants were randomized into a control group or into supervised, controlled exercise groups at 8 kcal/kg of body weight/week (KKW) or 20 KKW. Participants consumed lunch and dinner at baseline and follow-up, with appetite and hormones measured before and after meals (except leptin). At baseline, AAs had lower peptide YY (PYY; p < 0.01) and a blunted elevation in PYY after lunch (p = 0.01), as well as lower ghrelin (p = 0.02) and higher leptin (p < 0.01) compared to Whites. Despite desire to eat being lower and satisfaction being higher in AAs relative to Whites (p ≤ 0.03), no racial differences in food intake were observed. Compared to Whites, leptin increased in the 8 KKW group in AAs (p = 0.01), yet no other race-by-group interactions were evident. Differences in appetite-related hormones between AAs and Whites exist; however, their influence on racial disparities in appetite, food intake, and obesity within this trial was limited

The Influence of Neighborhood Crime on Increases in Physical Activity during a Pilot Physical Activity Intervention in Children

PKB (Pengujian Kendaraan Bermotor) merupakan UPTD (Unit Pelaksana Teknis Daerah) yang menguji kendaraan bermotor yang berdasarkan kepada peraturan mentri 133 tahun 2015. Bila dilihat dari Tugas Pokok dan Fungsi (Tupoksi) jabatannya, para penguji kendaraan bermotor adalah penegak kelancaran dan kesesuaian kendaraan yang harus disesuaikan dengan keperuntukannya. Dengan menguji seluruh kendaraan angkutan barang dan angkutan orang UPTD Pengujian Kendaraan Bermotor selalu mengayomi masyarakat untuk menjaga dan merawat kendaraan bermotor supaya tetap berfungsi maksimal untuk digunakan sehari-hari, UPTD PKB juga merupakan salah satu komponen penting dalam upaya peningkatan perekonomian dan keselamatan masyarakat, juga sebagai indikator kemajuan yang telah dicapai oleh suatu daerah. Penelitian ini bertujuan membangun sistem informasi pengujian kendaraan bermotor menggunakan Business Intllegence untuk memudahkan pegawai dan KA UPTD di Dishub Kabupaten Bandung Barat khususnya pada data analisis kendaraan data analisis pemohon dengan menggunakan kategori-kategori untuk membuat laporan dengan mengimplementasikan Dashboard Business Intellegence. Hasil penelitian ini adalah memberikan solusi alternatif bagi KA UPTD untuk lebih cepat tanggap terhadap kegiatan yang ada di Pengujian kendaraan serta mampu memberikan informasi, pengolahan data pengujian dan mengurangi timbulnya human error dalam pengujian kendaraan bermotor di Dishub Kabupaten Bandung Barat

Merkel cell polyomavirus-specific immune responses in patients with Merkel cell carcinoma receiving anti-PD-1 therapy

Abstract Background Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is an aggressive skin cancer that frequently responds to anti-PD-1 therapy. MCC is associated with sun exposure and, in 80% of cases, Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV). MCPyV-specific T and B cell responses provide a unique opportunity to study cancer-specific immunity throughout PD-1 blockade therapy. Methods Immune responses were assessed in patients (n = 26) with advanced MCC receiving pembrolizumab. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were collected at baseline and throughout treatment. MCPyV-oncoprotein antibodies were quantified and T cells were assessed for MCPyV-specificity via tetramer staining and/or cytokine secretion. Pre-treatment tumor biopsies were analyzed for T cell receptor clonality. Results MCPyV oncoprotein antibodies were detectable in 15 of 17 (88%) of virus-positive MCC (VP-MCC) patients. Antibodies decreased in 10 of 11 (91%) patients with responding tumors. Virus-specific T cells decreased over time in patients who had a complete response, and increased in patients who had persistent disease. Tumors that were MCPyV(+) had a strikingly more clonal (less diverse) intratumoral TCR repertoire than virus-negative tumors (p = 0.0001). Conclusions Cancer-specific T and B cell responses generally track with disease burden during PD-1 blockade, in proportion to presence of antigen. Intratumoral TCR clonality was significantly greater in VP-MCC than VN-MCC tumors, suggesting expansion of a limited number of dominant clones in response to fewer immunogenic MCPyV antigens. In contrast, VN-MCC tumors had lower clonality, suggesting a diverse T cell response to numerous neoantigens. These findings reveal differences in tumor-specific immunity for VP-MCC and VN-MCC, both of which often respond to anti-PD-1 therapy