Extracellular Vesicles in Kidney Disease

The kidney is the mainly apparatus in the human body, with a complex organizational structure and diverse pathological changes closely related to other organs. Extracellular vesicles are vesicles with diameters ranging from tens of nanometers to several micrometers, originating from multiple intracellular vesicles or local cell membranes. They carry various information from the source cells and operate between various cells in the kidney and extrarenal organs, conveying substances between cells. They play a large part in signal transmission within the kidney and between the kidney and other organs. Detecting changes in extracellular vesicles and their cargo can monitor both renal neoplastic and nonneoplastic diseases. Extracellular vesicles derived from various stem cells, loaded with bioactive substances, can be applied to some extent to treat kidney diseases. Bioengineering drugs using extracellular vesicles as carriers are also playing an increasingly big role in treating kidney diseases. Research on extracellular vesicles has achieved certain results and has some preclinical applications, but there is still a process for large-scale and widespread application

1-Phenyl-3-(2,4,6-trimethoxy­phen­yl)prop-2-en-1-one

In the title compound, C18H18O4, the dihedral angle between the mean planes of the aromatic rings is 7.39 (6)°. The dihedral angles between the linking C—C=C—C plane and the phenyl and benzene rings are 11.27 (5) and 4.20 (5)°, respectively

catena-Poly[[aqua­(2,2′-bipyridyl)cobalt(II)]-μ-5-nitro­isophthalato]

In the crystal structure of the title compound, [Co(C8H3NO6)(C10H8N2)(H2O)]n, there are two symmetry-independent one-dimensional coordination polymers, which are approximately related by noncrystallographic inversion symmetry. Each zigzag chain is constructed from one CoII ion, one O-monodentate 5-nitro­isophthalate (ndc) dianion, one N,N′-bidentate 2,2′-bipyridyl ligand and one water mol­ecule. A symmetry-generated O,O′-bidentate ndc dianion completes the cobalt coordination environment, which could be described as very distorted cis-CoN2O4 octa­hedral. The bridging ndc ligands result in parallel chains running along the a direction, and O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds arising from the water mol­ecules complete the structure

Genome-wide functional analysis reveals that autophagy is necessary for growth, sporulation, deoxynivalenol production and virulence in Fusarium graminearum

Autophagy is a conserved cellular recycling and trafficking pathway in eukaryotic cells and has been reported to be important in the virulence of a number of microbial pathogens. Here, we report genome-wide identification and characterization of autophagy-related genes (ATGs) in the wheat pathogenic fungus Fusarium graminearum. We identified twenty-eight genes associated with the regulation and operation of autophagy in F. graminearum. Using targeted gene deletion, we generated a set of 28 isogenic mutants. Autophagy mutants were classified into two groups by differences in their growth patterns. Radial growth of 18 Group 1 ATG mutants was significantly reduced compared to the wild-type strain PH-1, while 10 Group 2 mutants grew normally. Loss of any of the ATG genes, except FgATG17, prevented the fungus from causing Fusarium head blight disease. Moreover, subsets of autophagy genes were necessary for asexual/sexual differentiation and deoxynivalenol (DON) production, respectively. FgATG1 and FgATG5 were investigated in detail and showed severe defects in autophagy. Taken together, we conclude that autophagy plays a critical role in growth, asexual/sexual sporulation, deoxynivalenol production and virulence in F. graminearum

Bis[2,4-penta­nedionato(1−)]bis­[4,4,5,5-tetra­methyl­-2-(4-pyrid­yl)-imidazoline-1-oxyl 3-oxide]manganese(II)

In the title compound, [Mn(C5H7O2)2(C12H16N3O2)], the manganese(II) cation (site symmetry ) is hexa­coordinated by four O and two N atoms in a distorted trans-MnN2O4 octa­hedral geometry. The four O atoms belonging to two 2,4-penta­nedionate anions lie in the equatorial plane and the two N atoms occupy the axial coordination sites

Triaqua­(2,2′-bipyridine)(5-nitro­isophthal­ato-κO)nickel(II) monohydrate

In the title compound, [Ni(C8H3NO6)(C10H8N2)(H2O)3]·H2O, the NiII cation is six-coordinated by a chelating 2,2′-bipyridine ligand, one carboxyl­ate O atom from a 5-nitro­isophthalate dianion and three water mol­ecules, with a slightly distorted cis-NiN2O4 octa­hedral geometry. The neutral complex is isolated, in contrast to coordination polymers formed by MnII, CoII and CuII with the same ligand set, but forms an extensive network of O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds between the coordinated and uncoordinated water mol­ecules and carboxyl­ate groups of the 5-nitro­isophthalate ions

A novel household fill material fabricated from waste peanut shells and polyurethane with flame retardant and antibacterial functions

Velike količine ljuski kikirikija odbacivale su se svake godine u Kini i spaljivale ili odlagale na odlagališta otpada, čime se nije samo zagađivao okoliš, već su to bila i neiskorištena prirodna bogatstva. Zato je izrađen materijal za ispunu s funkcijama protiv gorenja i antibakterijskim svojstvima od nezbrinutih ljuski kikirikija i nezbrinutog termoplastičnog poliuretana primjenom plastifikacije, miješanja i vrućeg prešanja. Glavni faktori koji utječu na učinak sredstva protiv gorenja i regresijski model graničnog indeksa kisika dobiveni su analizom odzivne površine. Regresijski model pomogao je u predviđanju sposobnosti sredstva protiv gorenja i postizanju optimalnog uvjeta pripreme koji su sljedeći: maseni udio ljuski kikirikija 49,5%, maseni udio amonijevog fosfata 4,4 %, maseni udio sredstva protiv gorenja od termoplastičnog poliuretana (TPU) 14,2 %, i u tim uvjetima granični indeks kisika materijala bio je 32,78 %. Nakon dodatka 3 % viskera tetraigličastih ZnO u istim uvjetima, granični indeks kisika bio je 32,7 %, a antimikrobni stupanj Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli i Salmonelle iznosio je 96,03, 96,98 odn. 92,33 %.Large amounts of peanut shells were abandoned each year in China and the abandoned peanut shells were subjected to incineration or landfill, which not only polluted environment, but also wasted resources. So, a household fill material with flame retardant and antibacterial functions was fabricated with abandoned peanut shell and discarded thermoplastic polyurethane by plasticizing, blending and hot pressing. The main factors that affect the flame retardant performance and the regression model of limiting oxygen index were obtained by response surface analysis. The regression model helped to predict materials flame retardant ability and achieve the optimal preparation condition, which as follows: the peanut shell mass fraction 49.5 %, ammonium polyphosphate mass fraction 4.4%, Thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPU) flame retardants mass fraction 14.2 %, under these conditions, the limiting oxygen index of materials was 32.78 %. While after added 3wt% Tetra-needle like ZnO whiskers at the same condition, the limiting oxygen index was 32.7 %, and the antimicrobial ratio of staphylococcus aureus, escherichia coli and salmonella reached 96.03, 96.98 and 92.33 % respectively

Detecting Saliency in Infrared Images via Multiscale Local Sparse Representation and Local Contrast Measure

For infrared images, it is a formidable challenge to highlight salient regions completely and suppress the background noise effectively at the same time. To handle this problem, a novel saliency detection method based on multiscale local sparse representation and local contrast measure is proposed in this paper. The saliency detection problem is implemented in three stages. First, a multiscale local sparse representation based approach is designed for detecting saliency in infrared images. Using it, multiple saliency maps with various scales are obtained for an infrared image. These maps are then fused to generate a combined saliency map, which can highlight the salient region fully. Second, we adopt a local contrast measure based technique to process the infrared image. It divides the image into a number of image blocks. Then these blocks are utilized to calculate the local contrast to generate a local contrast measure based saliency map. In this map, the background noise can be suppressed effectually. Last, to make full use of the advantages of the above two saliency maps, we propose combining them together using an adaptive fusion scheme. Experimental results show that our method achieves better performance than several state-of-the-art algorithms for saliency detection in infrared images

Life recycle models of abandoned textiles

Modeli recikliranja nekih nezbrinutih prirodnih vlakana (pamuka, lana i svile) i sintetičkog polipropilenskog vlakna opisani su na temelju njihovog životnog ciklusa koji obuhvaća proizvodnju - potrošnju - prikupljanje i klasifikaciju - recikliranje - vraćanje na tržište nezbrinutih tekstilija. Nezbrinute tekstilije su podijeljene u "neupotrijebljene" i "rabljene" nezbrinute tekstilije. Modeli recikliranja su opisani u radu i oni su vodič za razumno i učinkovito recikliranje nezbrinutih tekstilija. Modeli mogu poboljšati ekonomske koristi cijele tekstilne industrije i biti učinkovit pristup smanjenju zagađenja okoliša. Osim toga, modeli ispunjavaju zahtjeve novog trgovinskog protekcionizma i smanjuju ograničenja resursa.Life recycle models of some abandoned natural fibers and synthetic fibers including cotton，flax，silk and PP were designed in this paper on the basis of the process of their producing, which was the production →consumption →collection and classification →recycling →returning to market of the abandoned textiles. These abandoned textiles were divided into "unused" and "consumed" abandoned textiles. The life recycle models were designed in this paper, which offer the academic guidance to reasonable and effective recycling of abandoned textiles. The models are good to improve the economic benefits of the whole textile industry and effective approaches to reduce environment pollution. Furthermore, the models meet the demand of new trade protectionism and remit the resource restraint