Search strategy and study eligibility flow chat.

<p>Search strategy and study eligibility flow chat.</p

Characteristics of studies included in the meta-analysis.

*<p>of 74 patients, EGFR FISH analysis was successfully detected in 69 of the tumor samples.</p>§<p>also provided information for the outcome in wild-type populations.</p>#<p>an increased GCN was defined as an average of three or more locus copies per nucleus, or a locus to centromere ratio of two or more.</p><p>M, male; F, female; FISH, fluorescent <i>in situ</i> hybridization; CISH, chromogenic <i>in situ</i> hybridization; qPCR, quantitative polymerase chain reaction; SISH, silver <i>in situ</i> hybridization; NR, not reported; OS, overall survival; PFS, progression-free survival; TTP, time-to-progression.</p

Subgroup analyses for overall and progression-free survival for treatment with anti-EGFR drugs, comparing patients with increased versus not increased EGFR copynumber.

<p>Subgroup analyses was performed when at least two studies were in each subgroup.</p><p>Subgroup analysis was not performed for TTP as only three studies provided information for this outcome.</p><p>FISH, fluorescent <i>in situ</i> hybridization; NA, not applicable; CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio.</p

Forest plot for survival stratified by overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS) and time-to-progression (TTP).

<p>Hazard ratios (HR) comparing patients with increased versus not increased EGFR gene copy number are presented. Each study is shown by the point estimate of the HR (square proportional to the weight of each study) and 95% confidence interval for the HR (extending lines); summary HR and their 95% confidence intervals by random-effects calculations are shown by diamonds. Value lower than one indicates that patients with increased EGFR gene copy number have improved survival compared to patients without increase in EGFR gene copy number.</p

Methylation-specific PCR (MSP) analysis of <i>TCF3</i> promoter region in 24 CRC without recurrence (a) and 23 with recurrence (b).

<p>M, methylated allele; U, unmethylated allele. (c) Inverse correlation between <i>TCF3</i> promoter methylation status and gene expression level by qPCR analysis of <i>TCF3</i> expression in the 47 CRC tissues. The bar represents the ratio of <i>TCF3</i> and <i>GAPDH</i> mRNA expression levels. <i>TCF3</i> expression levels correlated with the methylation status of the gene (<i>P</i> = 0.001, Mann-Whitney U test).</p

Development of Visible-Light Induced Photoelectrochemical Platform Based on Cyclometalated Iridium(III) Complex for Bioanalysis

The performance of the photoelectrochemical (PEC) bioanalysis relies closely on the properties of the used photoactive species. In this study, a visible-light induced PEC active species, [(C6)₂Ir­(dcbpy)]⁺PF₆^– (C6 = coumarin 6, dcbpy = 2,2′-bipyridine-4,4′-dicarboxylic acid) was prepared based on C6 with the stronger absorbance in the visible region. The as-prepared complex was characterized by ¹H NMR, UV–visible absorption and cyclic voltammetry. It exhibits intense absorption in visible region at 480 nm with a molar extinction coefficient (ε) of more 40000 M^–1 cm^–1, which is approximately twice that of Ru­(bpy)₃²⁺. The PEC behaviors of the iridium­(III) complex were investigated through covalently attaching to the ITO electrode. Induced by visible light, a large and stable cathodic photocurrent can be observed when dissolved O₂ is served as a sacrificial electron acceptor. Also probable mechanisms of photocurrent generation are deduced. Employing [(C6)₂Ir­(dcbpy)]⁺PF₆^– as signal reporter, the Au NPs-based nanoprobe was constructed and successfully applied to assembly PEC platform based on the Exo III-assisted recycling amplification for bioanalysis. With thrombin as a model analyte, the PEC platform was found to be logarithmically proportional to thrombin concentrations across the range from 20 fM to 10 pM with fine selectivity, indicating excellent PEC properties of the synthesized Ir­(III) complex and enormous potential for PEC bioanalysis

Expression of <i>TCF3</i> in 64 CRC samples.

<p>(a) In recurrent CRC, <i>TCF3</i> mRNA levels were significantly increased comared to the CRC without recurrence (Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test, <i>P</i><0.05). (b) ROC curve showing the performance of <i>TCF3</i> in predicting recurrence of CRC. Area under curve (AUC)  = 0.668 (95% CI 0.534–0.803), <i>P</i> value  = 0.012. (c) <i>TCF3</i> mRNA levels were measured with qPCR in 6 CRC cell lines. <i>GAPDH</i> signals were used as a relative measure of the expression level of target genes. The representative results, conducted in triplicates, are shown as mean ±SD.</p

Correlation TCF3 expression with recurrence in CRC.

<p>Fisher's exact test, <i>P</i> = 0.002.</p><p>Correlation TCF3 expression with recurrence in CRC.</p

Cyclometalated Iridium Complex-Based Label-Free Photoelectrochemical Biosensor for DNA Detection by Hybridization Chain Reaction Amplification

Photoactive material is the most crucial factor which intimately determines analytical performances of the photoelectrochemical sensor. On the basis of the high affinity of dipyrido [3,2-a:2′,3′-c] phenazine (dppz) with DNA helix, a novel photoactive intercalator, [(ppy)₂Ir­(dppz)]⁺PF₆^–(ppy = 2-phenylpyridine and dppz = dipyrido [3,2-a:2′,3′-c] phenazine) was prepared and characterized by UV–vis absorption spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry. The photoelectrochemical properties of the as-prepared iridium­(III) complex immobilized on the ITO electrode was investigated. Either cathodic or anodic photocurrent generation can be observed when triethanolamine (TEOA) or dissolved O₂ is used as a sacrificial electron donor/acceptor, respectively. The probable photocurrent-generation mechanisms are speculated. A highly sensitive iridium­(III) complex-based photoelectrochemical sensor was proposed for DNA detection via hybridization chain reaction (HCR) signal amplification. Under optimal conditions, the biosensor was found to be linearly proportional to the logarithm of target DNA concentration in the range from 0.025 to 100 pmol L^–1 with a detection limit of 9.0 fmol L^–1 (3σ). Moreover, the proposed sensor displayed high selectivity and good reproducibility, demonstrating efficient and stable photoelectric conversion ability of the Ir­(III) complex

Representatives of TCF3 expression in stage II and III CRC tissues detected by immunohistochemistry.

<p>Examples of the immunostaining of TCF3 at strong expression (a, b) and low expression (c, d) levels (magnification ×400).</p