Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Significant Differences in MicroRNA Expression and Their Target Genes between Adipose and Muscular Tissues in Cattle

<div><p>The posttranscriptional gene regulation mediated by microRNAs (miRNAs) plays an important role in various species. However, to date limited miRNAs have been reported between fat and muscle tissues in beef cattle. In this paper, 412 known and 22 novel miRNAs in backfat as well as 334 known and 10 novel miRNAs in longissimus thoracis were identified in the Chinese Qinchuan beef cattle. Bta-miR-199a-3p, -154c, -320a and -432 were expressed at higher levels in backfat tissue, while bta-miR-1, -133a, -206, and -378 were also significantly enriched in muscle tissue. Functional analysis revealed that fat-enriched miRNAs targeted <i>PRKAA1/2</i>, <i>PPARA</i> and <i>PPARG</i> genes to modulate lipid and fatty acid metabolism, and muscle-enriched miRNAs targeted <i>CSRP3</i> gene to present function involved in skeletal and muscular system development. The results obtained may help in the design of new selection strategies to improve beef quality.</p></div

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Supplementary Material

The differential expression of bovine conserved (A) and novel (B) miRNAs between AF and AM tissue were shown.

<p>Note: Expression level (AF): Expression level of adult bovine backfat tissue; Expression level (AM): Expression level of adult bovine muscle tissue. Each point in the figure represents a miRNA. Red points represent miRNAs with a fold change >2, blue points represent miRNAs with 1/2</p

Distribution of the genome-mapped sequence reads in AF (A) and AM (B) small RNA libraries.

<p>Distribution of the genome-mapped sequence reads in AF (A) and AM (B) small RNA libraries.</p

Summary of the common and specific tags of two samples, including the summary of unique tags (A) and total tags (B).

<p>Summary of the common and specific tags of two samples, including the summary of unique tags (A) and total tags (B).</p

The expression of miRNAs in bovine different tissues were detected by RT-qPCR.

<p>The expression of miRNAs in bovine different tissues were detected by RT-qPCR.</p

Summary of known miRNA in each sample.

<p>Summary of known miRNA in each sample.</p

Length distribution of small RNAs in AF and AM libraries.

<p>Length distribution of small RNAs in AF and AM libraries.</p

Additional file 1: Figure S1. of Biocompatible 5-Aminolevulinic Acid/Au Nanoparticle-Loaded Ethosomal Vesicles for In Vitro Transdermal Synergistic Photodynamic/Photothermal Therapy of Hypertrophic Scars

The TEM images of A/A-ES containing different AuNPs. (DOCX 1028 kb

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Additional file 1: Figure S1. Changes of serum parameters at the 4th week of feeding in rats. Male Wistar rats (8 weeks of age) placed on HFD or chow diet for 4 weeks, blood samples were collected randomly from tail vein of 6 rats, and serum was separated, the lipid profiles (TC, TG, HDL-c and LDL-c) were analyzed. The data were presented as the mean ± SD. **P < 0.01, compared with chow group. Figure S2. Evaluation of the sequencing depth in samples from the chow diet group, HFD group and BC treated group in the pyrosequencing run. Figure S3. Similarity of community on the basis of thetayc logarithm among the chow diet, HFD and BC treated groups. Figure S4. PCoA and NMDS plot of chow diet group, HFD group and BC treated group. Table S1. Endogenous metabolites of the serum from chow diet group and HFD group. Table S2. Endogenous metabolites of the urine from chow diet group and HFD group. Table S3. Endogenous metabolites of the liver from chow diet group and HFD group. Table S4. Endogenous metabolites of the feces from chow diet group and HFD group. Table S5. The weighted and unweighted unifrac significance test