The behaviour of transgenic <i>A. thaliana</i> expressing

<p><b><i>TaTIP2;2</i></b>. (A) Genomic PCR (upper panel) and RT-PCR (lower panel) analysis shows that the T₃ selections OE1 and OE2 carry and express the transgene. (B) The growth of wild type and transgenic plants challenged with salinity. (C) The rate of bleached progeny from wild type and transgenic plants exposed to 150mM NaCl. (D) The growth of wild type and transgenic plants challenged with mannitol. (E) Root growth of wild type and transgenic plants challenged with mannitol. (F) The growth of wild type and transgenic plants challenged with ABA. (G) The proline content of wild type and transgenic <i>A. thaliana</i>. Col: wild type Col-0 ecotype. Standard deviation was calculated with STDEVP function of Microsoft Excel 2010. Asterisks indicate significant differences between means (Student’s <i>t</i>-test, P<0.05).</p

Sub-cellular localization of TaTIP2;2 protein in wheat protoplasts.

<p>(A-C) A transgene encoding GFP alone generates signal throughout the protoplast. (A) Fluorescent image, (B) bright field image, (C) merger of A and B. (D-F) The TaTIP2;2-GFP fusion is deposited in the endomembrane system. (D) Fluorescent image, (E) bright field image, (F) merger of D and E. Bars, 10μM.</p

Heterologous Expression of the Wheat Aquaporin Gene <i>TaTIP2;2</i> Compromises the Abiotic Stress Tolerance of <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>

<div><p>Aquaporins are channel proteins which transport water across cell membranes. We show that the bread wheat aquaporin gene <i>TaTIP2;2</i> maps to the long arm of chromosome 7b and that its product localizes to the endomembrane system. The gene is expressed constitutively in both the root and the leaf, and is down-regulated by salinity and drought stress. Salinity stress induced an increased level of C-methylation within the CNG trinucleotides in the <i>TaTIP2;2</i> promoter region. The heterologous expression of <i>TaTIP2;2</i> in <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> compromised its drought and salinity tolerance, suggesting that <i>TaTIP2;2</i> may be a negative regulator of abiotic stress. The proline content of transgenic <i>A. thaliana</i> plants fell, consistent with the down-regulation of <i>P5CS1</i>, while the expression of <i>SOS1</i>, <i>SOS2</i>, <i>SOS3</i>, <i>CBF3</i> and <i>DREB2A</i>, which are all stress tolerance-related genes acting in an ABA-independent fashion, was also down-regulated. The supply of exogenous ABA had little effect either on <i>TaTIP2;2</i> expression in wheat or on the phenotype of transgenic <i>A. thaliana</i>. The expression level of the ABA signalling genes <i>ABI1</i>, <i>ABI2</i> and <i>ABF3</i> remained unaltered in the transgenic <i>A. thaliana</i> plants. Thus <i>TaTIP2;2</i> probably regulates the response to stress via an ABA-independent pathway(s).</p> </div

The effect of the heterologous expression of <i>TaTIP2;2</i> on the expression of abiotic stress-related genes in <i>A. thaliana</i>.

<p>(A) <i>ABI1</i>, <i>ABI2</i> and <i>ABF3</i> expression was not affected. (B) <i>SOS1</i>, <i>SOS2</i> and <i>SOS3</i> were down-regulated. (C) <i>CBF3, DREB2A</i> and <i>P5CS1</i> were down-regulated. Col: wild type Col-0 ecotype, OE1 and OE2: T₃ selections expressing <i>TaTIP2;2</i>. Standard deviation was calculated with STDEVP function of Microsoft Excel 2010. Asterisks indicate significant differences between means (Student’s <i>t</i>-test, P<0.05 or 0.01).</p

Methylation status of the <i>TaTIP2;2</i> promoter region as affected by salinity stress.

<p>(A) CG methylation (filled circles show methylated and open circles unmethylated CG sites). (B) CNG methylation. The horizontal axis shows the positions of CNG sites, and the vertical axis the proportion of methylated sites.</p

DataSheet1_Identification and functional analysis of ovarian lncRNAs during different egg laying periods in Taihe Black-Bone Chickens.ZIP

Introduction: Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) refers to a category of non-coding RNA molecules exceeding 200 nucleotides in length, which exerts a regulatory role in the context of ovarian development. There is a paucity of research examining the involvement of lncRNA in the regulation of ovary development in Taihe Black-Bone Chickens. In order to further investigate the egg laying regulation mechanisms of Taihe Black-Bone Chickens at different periods, transcriptome analysis was conducted on the ovarian tissues at different laying periods.Methods: This study randomly selected ovarian tissues from 12 chickens for RNA-seq. Four chickens were selected for each period, including the early laying period (102 days, Pre), the peak laying period (203 days, Peak), and the late laying period (394 days, Late). Based on our previous study of mRNA expression profiles in the same ovarian tissue, we identified three differentially expressed lncRNAs (DE lncRNAs) at different periods and searched for their cis- and trans-target genes to draw an lncRNA-mRNA network.Results and discussion: In three groups of ovarian tissues, we identified 136 DE lncRNAs, with 8 showing specific expression during the early laying period, 10 showing specific expression during the peak laying period, and 4 showing specific expression during the late laying period. The lncRNA-mRNA network revealed 16 pairs of lncRNA-target genes associated with 7 DE lncRNAs, and these 14 target genes were involved in the regulation of reproductive traits. Furthermore, these reproductive-related target genes were primarily associated with signaling pathways related to follicle and ovary development in Taihe Black-Bone Chickens, including cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, TGF-beta signaling pathway, tyrosine metabolism, ECM-receptor interaction, focal adhesion, neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, and cell adhesion molecules (CAMs). This study offers valuable insights for a comprehensive understanding of the influence of lncRNAs on poultry reproductive traits.</p

Targeted Elimination of Tumorigenic Human Pluripotent Stem Cells Using Suicide-Inducing Virus-like Particles

Sensitization to prodrugs via transgenic expression of suicide genes is a leading strategy for the selective elimination of potentially tumorigenic human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) in regenerative medicine, but transgenic modification poses safety risks such as deleterious mutagenesis. We describe here an alternative method of delivering suicide-inducing molecules explicitly to hPSCs using virus-like particles (VLPs) and demonstrate its use in eliminating undifferentiated hPSCs <i>in vitro</i>. VLPs were engineered from Qβ bacteriophage capsids to contain enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) or cytosine deaminase (CD) and to simultaneously display multiple IgG-binding ZZ domains. After labeling with antibodies against the hPSC-specific surface glycan SSEA-5, EGFP-containing particles were shown to specifically bind undifferentiated cells in culture, and CD-containing particles were able to eliminate undifferentiated hPSCs with virtually no cytotoxicity to differentiated cells upon treatment with the prodrug 5-fluorocytosine

Targeted Elimination of Tumorigenic Human Pluripotent Stem Cells Using Suicide-Inducing Virus-like Particles

Sensitization to prodrugs via transgenic expression of suicide genes is a leading strategy for the selective elimination of potentially tumorigenic human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) in regenerative medicine, but transgenic modification poses safety risks such as deleterious mutagenesis. We describe here an alternative method of delivering suicide-inducing molecules explicitly to hPSCs using virus-like particles (VLPs) and demonstrate its use in eliminating undifferentiated hPSCs <i>in vitro</i>. VLPs were engineered from Qβ bacteriophage capsids to contain enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) or cytosine deaminase (CD) and to simultaneously display multiple IgG-binding ZZ domains. After labeling with antibodies against the hPSC-specific surface glycan SSEA-5, EGFP-containing particles were shown to specifically bind undifferentiated cells in culture, and CD-containing particles were able to eliminate undifferentiated hPSCs with virtually no cytotoxicity to differentiated cells upon treatment with the prodrug 5-fluorocytosine

Targeted Elimination of Tumorigenic Human Pluripotent Stem Cells Using Suicide-Inducing Virus-like Particles

Sensitization to prodrugs via transgenic expression of suicide genes is a leading strategy for the selective elimination of potentially tumorigenic human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) in regenerative medicine, but transgenic modification poses safety risks such as deleterious mutagenesis. We describe here an alternative method of delivering suicide-inducing molecules explicitly to hPSCs using virus-like particles (VLPs) and demonstrate its use in eliminating undifferentiated hPSCs <i>in vitro</i>. VLPs were engineered from Qβ bacteriophage capsids to contain enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) or cytosine deaminase (CD) and to simultaneously display multiple IgG-binding ZZ domains. After labeling with antibodies against the hPSC-specific surface glycan SSEA-5, EGFP-containing particles were shown to specifically bind undifferentiated cells in culture, and CD-containing particles were able to eliminate undifferentiated hPSCs with virtually no cytotoxicity to differentiated cells upon treatment with the prodrug 5-fluorocytosine

Precise locations of HBV integration events mapped to the FN1 gene.

<p>The chromosome locations were mapped using the UCSC database. The orientation of the cellular gene was compared with that of the integrated HBV genome: same = same direction while opposite = opposite direction.</p