Studies on Teaching Strategies for Italian Grade Test: Taking the Writing Part as an Example

This article has first introduced that Italian preparatory course training should be with language test as the teaching baton based on current overseas study data and policies. Targeting at the writing part in grade test, the author has collected and organized for 90 students’ writing paper, and analyzed students’ mistakes, pointed out the mistake reasons, and meanwhile revealed the influence of language negative transfer on students. The author has suggested that “metacognitive strategy” should be introduced into writing teaching, and proposed relevant teaching strategies

Exploration of Italian Zero-Based Short-Term Intensive Teaching Model

Based on summarizing domestic and overseas SLA (second language acquisition) theory and Italian zero-based short-term intensive teaching practice, under Web3.0 technical background, this paper has conducted tentative teaching reform of teaching concept, process, technique and teaching management of Italian zero-based short-term intensive education, introduced Production Oriented Approach (POA), to lead the teaching purpose of “help me and let me learn”, integrate “holistic education” into teaching, optimize each procedures of class, and extend students’ learning space and time by means of “flipped classroom”, progressively introduce grammar knowledge points based on language transfer theory, optimize vocabulary and oral English textbook based on the comparative research result between auditory channel input and visual channel input; meanwhile the paper has followed up students’ learning process through teaching practice and conducted comparative research by dividing into experiment group and control group. Based on data analysis, the paper has verified the effect of this Italian teaching model, and proposed prospects for further perfection of future Italian teaching model based on limitations and defects in experiments

The N-terminal domain of Lhcb proteins is critical for recognition of the LHCII kinase

AbstractThe light-harvesting chlorophyll (Chl) a/b complex of photosystem (PS) II (LHCII) plays important roles in the distribution of the excitation energy between the two PSs in the thylakoid membrane during state transitions. In this process, LHCII, homo- or heterotrimers composed of Lhcb1–3, migrate between PSII and PSI depending on the phosphorylation status of Lhcb1 and Lhcb2. We have studied the mechanisms of the substrate recognition of a thylakoid threonine kinase using reconstituted site-directed trimeric Lhcb protein–pigment complex mutants. Mutants lacking the positively charged residues R/K upstream of phosphorylation site (Thr) in the N-terminal domain of Lhcb1 were no longer phosphorylated. Besides, the length of the peptide upstream of the phosphorylated site (Thr) is also crucial for Lhcb phosphorylation in vitro. Furthermore, the two N-terminal residues of Lhcb appear to play a key role in the phosphorylation kinetics because Lhcb with N-terminal RR was phosphorylated much faster than with RK. Therefore, we conclude that the substrate recognition of the LHCII kinase is determined to a large extent by the N-terminal sequence of the Lhcb proteins. The study provides new insights into the interactions of the Lhcb proteins with the LHCII kinase