29,529 research outputs found
Surface segregation and the Al problem in GaAs quantum wells
Low-defect two-dimensional electron systems (2DESs) are essential for studies
of fragile many-body interactions that only emerge in nearly-ideal systems. As
a result, numerous efforts have been made to improve the quality of
modulation-doped AlGaAs/GaAs quantum wells (QWs), with an emphasis
on purifying the source material of the QW itself or achieving better vacuum in
the deposition chamber. However, this approach overlooks another crucial
component that comprises such QWs, the AlGaAs barrier. Here we show
that having a clean Al source and hence a clean barrier is instrumental to
obtain a high-quality GaAs 2DES in a QW. We observe that the mobility of the
2DES in GaAs QWs declines as the thickness or Al content of the
AlGaAs barrier beneath the QW is increased, which we attribute to
the surface segregation of Oxygen atoms that originate from the Al source. This
conjecture is supported by the improved mobility in the GaAs QWs as the Al cell
is cleaned out by baking
Adjacency labeling schemes and induced-universal graphs
We describe a way of assigning labels to the vertices of any undirected graph
on up to vertices, each composed of bits, such that given the
labels of two vertices, and no other information regarding the graph, it is
possible to decide whether or not the vertices are adjacent in the graph. This
is optimal, up to an additive constant, and constitutes the first improvement
in almost 50 years of an bound of Moon. As a consequence, we
obtain an induced-universal graph for -vertex graphs containing only
vertices, which is optimal up to a multiplicative constant,
solving an open problem of Vizing from 1968. We obtain similar tight results
for directed graphs, tournaments and bipartite graphs
Suboptimal eye movements for seeing fine details.
Human eyes are never stable, even during attempts of maintaining gaze on a visual target. Considering transient response characteristics of retinal ganglion cells, a certain amount of motion of the eyes is required to efficiently encode information and to prevent neural adaptation. However, excessive motion of the eyes leads to insufficient exposure to the stimuli, which creates blur and reduces visual acuity. Normal miniature eye movements fall in between these extremes, but it is unclear if they are optimally tuned for seeing fine spatial details. We used a state-of-the-art retinal imaging technique with eye tracking to address this question. We sought to determine the optimal gain (stimulus/eye motion ratio) that corresponds to maximum performance in an orientation-discrimination task performed at the fovea. We found that miniature eye movements are tuned but may not be optimal for seeing fine spatial details
Interference measurements of non-Abelian e/4 & Abelian e/2 quasiparticle braiding
The quantum Hall states at filling factors and are expected
to have Abelian charge quasiparticles and non-Abelian charge
quasiparticles. For the first time we report experimental evidence for the
non-Abelian nature of excitations at and examine the fermion parity,
a topological quantum number of an even number of non-Abelian quasiparticles,
by measuring resistance oscillations as a function of magnetic field in
Fabry-P\'erot interferometers using new high purity heterostructures. The phase
of observed oscillations is reproducible and stable over long times
(hours) near and , indicating stability of the fermion parity.
When phase fluctuations are observed, they are predominantly phase flips,
consistent with fermion parity change. We also examine lower-frequency
oscillations attributable to Abelian interference processes in both states.
Taken together, these results constitute new evidence for the non-Abelian
nature of quasiparticles; the observed life-time of their combined
fermion parity further strengthens the case for their utility for topological
quantum computation.Comment: A significantly revised version; 54 double-column pages containing 14
pages of main text + Supplementary Materials. The figures, which include a
number of new figures, are now incorporated into the tex
Multi-kilowatt single-mode ytterbium-doped large-core fiber laser
We have demonstrated a highly efficient cladding-pumped ytterbium-doped fiber laser, generating >2.1 kW of continuous-wave output power at 1.1 µm with 74% slope efficiency with respect to launched pump power. The beam quality factor (M2) was better than 1.2. The maximum output power was only limited by available pump power, showing no evidence of roll-over even at the highest output power. We present data on how the beam quality depends on the fiber parameter, based on our current and past fiber laser developments. We also discuss the ultimate power-capability of our fiber in terms of thermal management, Raman nonlinear scattering, and material damage, and estimate it to 10 k
Tradeoff Analysis of Delay-Power-CSIT Quality of Dynamic BackPressure Algorithm for Energy Efficient OFDM Systems
In this paper, we analyze the fundamental power-delay tradeoff in
point-to-point OFDM systems under imperfect channel state information quality
and non-ideal circuit power. We consider the dynamic back- pressure (DBP)
algorithm, where the transmitter determines the rate and power control actions
based on the instantaneous channel state information (CSIT) and the queue state
information (QSI). We exploit a general fluid queue dynamics using a continuous
time dynamic equation. Using the sample-path approach and renewal theory, we
decompose the average delay in terms of multiple unfinished works along a
sample path, and derive an upper bound on the average delay under the DBP power
control, which is asymptotically accurate at small delay regime. We show that
despite imperfect CSIT quality and non-ideal circuit power, the average power
(P) of the DBP policy scales with delay (D) as P = O(Dexp(1/D)) at small delay
regime. While the impacts of CSIT quality and circuit power appears as the
coefficients of the scaling law, they may be significant in some operating
regimes.Comment: 30 page
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