A non-perturbative field theory approach for the Kondo effect: Emergence of an extra dimension and its implication for the holographic duality conjecture

Implementing Wilsonian renormalization group transformations in an iterative way, we develop a non-perturbative field theoretical framework, which takes into account all-loop quantum corrections organized in the $1/N$ expansion, where $N$ represents the flavor number of quantum fields. The resulting classical field theory is given by an effective Landau-Ginzburg theory for a local order parameter field, which appears in one-dimensional higher spacetime. We claim that such all-loop quantum corrections are introduced into an equation of motion for the order parameter field through the evolution in the emergent extra dimension. Based on this non-perturbative theoretical framework, we solve the Kondo effect, where the quantum mechanics problem in the projective formulation is mapped into a Landau-Ginzburg field theory for the hybridization order parameter field with an emergent extra dimension. We confirm the non-perturbative nature of this field theoretical framework. Intriguingly, we show that the Wilsonian renormalization group method can explain non-perturbative thermodynamic properties of an impurity consistent with the Bethe ansatz solutions. Finally, we speculate how our non-perturbative field theoretical framework can be connected with the AdS$_{d+2}$/CFT$_{d+1}$ duality conjecture.Comment: Completely rewritte

Effect of modified fasting therapy on body weight, fat and muscle mass, and blood chemistry in patients with obesity

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate the effects and safety of modified fasting therapy using fermented medicinal herbs and exercise on body weight, fat and muscle mass, and blood chemistry in obese subjects.MethodsTwenty-six patients participated in a 14-day fast, during which they ingested a supplement made from fermented medicinal herbs and carbohydrates (intake: 400-600 kcal/d). The schedule included 7 prefasting relief days and 14 days of stepwise reintroduction of food. The patients also took part in an exercise program that incorporated Qigong, weight training, and walking exercises. The efficacy of treatments was observed by assessing body fat mass and muscle mass, and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), cholesterol, and triglycerides in each study period. Specific symptoms or side effects were reported.ResultsBody weight and body fat mass both decreased significantly by (5.16 ± 0.95) and (3.89 ± 0.79) kg (both P < 0.05), while muscle mass decreased by an average of (0.26 ± 0.22) kg, without statistical significance. ALT levels were significantly decreased (P < 0.05), while AST levels decreased without statistical significance (P = 0.052). The levels of total cholesterol and triglycerides were also significantly decreased (both P < 0.05). There were few adverse events except for mild dizziness, which did not affect everyday living.ConclusionThese results suggest that modified fasting therapy using fermented medicinal herbs and exercise could be effective and safe on obese patients

Polymer-dispersed liquid crystal devices with graphene electrodes

Although polymer-dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) devices have considerable potential application in smart windows, the high material cost of the indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes conventionally used in these devices hinders their wide usage. In this work, we explore the use of graphene electrodes as a potential substitute for ITO electrodes in PDLC devices. The fabricated PDLC devices with graphene electrodes exhibit higher contrast and faster response than PDLC devices with ITO electrodes fabricated using the same chemical formulation and polymerization process. However, they also exhibit higher operation voltage and haze, which is primarily attributed to the inherently large resistance and inhomogeneity of the large-area graphene sheets initially transferred onto the transparent substrates. PDLC devices with graphene electrodes are robust under standard operating conditions and also have the advantage of flexibility and stretchability, unlike PDLCs with ITO electrodes. © 2015 Optical Society of America.1

4,6-Di-tert-butyl-2,8-dimeth­oxy­dibenzo[b,d]furan

In the title compound, C22H28O3, the dihedral angle between the benzene rings is 3.47 (13)° and the five-membered furan ring is essentially planar with a largest deviation of 0.0052 (14) Å. The Csp 2—Csp 2 bond length between the two benzene rings [1.443 (3) Å] is considerably shorter than those between the benzene and tertiary C atoms [1.538 (3) and 1.530 (3) Å], which are sp 2–sp 3 hybridized. C—H⋯π inter­actions involving the furan and benzene rings are found in the crystal structure

Algebraic Properties of Riemannian Manifolds

Algebraic properties are explored for the curvature tensors of Riemannian manifolds, using the irreducible decomposition of curvature tensors. Our method provides a powerful tool to analyze the irreducible basis as well as an algorithm to determine the linear dependence of arbitrary Riemann polynomials. We completely specify 13 independent basis elements for the quartic scalars and explicitly find 13 linear relations among 26 scalar invariants. Our method provides several completely new results, including some clues to identify 23 independent basis elements from 90 quintic scalars, that are difficult to find otherwise.Comment: A few typos corrected; 40 pages (4 appendices: 16 pages). To appear in General Relativity and Gravitatio