Fish play Minority Game as humans do

Previous computer simulations of the Minority Game (MG) have shown that the average agent number in the winning group (i.e., the minority group) had a maximal value such that the global gain was also maximal when an optimal amount of information was available to all agents . This property was further examined and its connection to financial markets has also been discussed . Here we report the results of an unprecedented real MG played by university staff members who clicked one of two identical buttons (A and B) on a computer screen while clocking in or out of work. We recorded the number of people who clicked button A for 1288 games, beginning on April 21, 2008 and ending on October 31, 2010, and calculated the variance among the people who clicked A as a function of time. We find that variance per person decreases to a minimum and rises to a value close to 1/4 which is the expected value when agents click buttons randomly. Our results are consistent with previous simulation results for the theoretical MG and suggest that our agents had employed more information for their strategies as their experience playing the game grew. We also carried out another experiment in which we forced 101 fish to enter one of the two symmetric chambers (A and B). We repeated the fish experiment 500 times and found that the variance of the number of fish that entered chamber A also decreased to a minimum and then increased to a saturated value, suggesting that fish have memory and can employ more strategies when facing the same situation again and again

The impact of cancer on children's physical, emotional, and psychosocial well-being

The diagnosis and treatment of cancer are a stressful and threatening experience, which can be emotionally devastating to children. Despite the improved prognosis, the course of cancer treatment has tremendous impact on children. This article aims to examine the impact of cancer on physical, emotional, and psychosocial well-being of Hong Kong Chinese children, an area of research that has been underrepresented in the literature. Ninety-eight Hong Kong Chinese children aged 7 to 15 years, admitted for treatment of cancer in 2 pediatric oncology units of 2 different hospitals, were invited to participate in the study. Findings from this study indicated that the children scored considerably high state anxiety on admission, and more than half of the participants presented some depressive symptoms during their stay in the hospital. Moreover, semistructured interviews indicated that nearly all children expressed different degrees of sadness and worry. The findings suggested that there is a room for improvement in existing nursing intervention regarding preparing children for hospitalization and treatment of cancer. There is an imperative need for nurses to evaluate appropriate nursing interventions that can help children resume their normal growth and development, in particular, to help them ease the physical, emotional, and psychological burden of life-threatening disease. © 2010 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.postprin

Woody: Roborodentia 2011 Robot

Woody is a fully autonomous robot built and designed for the 2011 Cal Poly Roborodentia competition. Woody’s goal is to score the most points in the competition by navigating the competition field, efficiently collecting ping pong balls from the racks, and shooting the balls into the goal accurately. There was no specific budget set for the project, but costs were kept low by using tools from the Computer Engineering Capstone Lab, inexpensive materials such as wood, and reusable parts from robots from previous Roborodentia competitions

Use of FBG optical sensors for structural health monitoring: Practical application

This paper describes the development of FBG Optical sensors for their practical application on structural health monitoring. The sensors were installed on the Tsing Ma Bridge for a trial run. The results using FBG sensors were in excellent agreement with those acquired by the bridge WASHMS

Skin banking in Hong Kong - the development and experience in Queen Mary Hospital

published_or_final_versio

Microsatellite instability and mismatch repair gene mutations are common in young colorectal cancer patients in Hong Kong

Conference Theme: Challenges to Specialists in the 21st centurypublished_or_final_versio

Exercise-Induced Changes in Exhaled NO Differentiates Asthma With or Without Fixed Airway Obstruction From COPD With Dynamic Hyperinflation.

Asthmatic patients with fixed airway obstruction (FAO) and patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) share similarities in terms of irreversible pulmonary function impairment. Exhaled nitric oxide (eNO) has been documented as a marker of airway inflammation in asthma, but not in COPD. To examine whether the basal eNO level and the change after exercise may differentiate asthmatics with FAO from COPD, 27 normal subjects, 60 stable asthmatics, and 62 stable COPD patients were studied. Asthmatics with FAO (n = 29) were defined as showing a postbronchodilator FEV(1)/forced vital capacity (FVC) ≤70% and FEV(1) less than 80% predicted after inhaled salbutamol (400 μg). COPD with dynamic hyperinflation (n = 31) was defined as a decrease in inspiratory capacity (ΔIC%) after a 6 minute walk test (6MWT). Basal levels of eNO were significantly higher in asthmatics and COPD patients compared to normal subjects. The changes in eNO after 6MWT were negatively correlated with the percent change in IC (r = −0.380, n = 29, P = 0.042) in asthmatics with FAO. Their levels of basal eNO correlated with the maximum mid-expiratory flow (MMEF % predicted) before and after 6MWT. In COPD patients with air-trapping, the percent change of eNO was positively correlated to ΔIC% (rs = 0.404, n = 31, P = 0.024). We conclude that asthma with FAO may represent residual inflammation in the airways, while dynamic hyperinflation in COPD may retain NO in the distal airspace. eNO changes after 6MWT may differentiate the subgroups of asthma or COPD patients and will help toward delivery of individualized therapy for airflow obstruction

Aldose reductase deficiency protects the retinal neurons in a mouse model of retinopathy of prematurity

Poster Presentation: P64PURPOSE: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a common retinal disease occurred in premature babies. It is found to be related to oxidative stress while dysfunction of the neural retina has also been documented. We previously showed that genetic deletion or pharmacological inhibition of aldose reductase (AR), a rate- limiting enzyme in the polyol pathway, prevented ischemia-induced retinal ganglion cell (RGC) loss and oxidative stress. Here, we assessed the effects of AR deletion on retinal neurons using a mouse model of ROP. METHODS: Seven-day-old mouse pups were exposed to 75% oxygen for five days and returned to room air. The pathological neuronal changes were examined and compared between wild-type (WT) and AR-deficient retinae on P14 and P17 (P, postnatal). Retinal thickness was measured and immunohistochemistry for calbindin, calretinin, PKCα, Tuj1, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), nitrotyrosine (NT), as well as poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) was performed. RESULTS: After hyperoxia exposure, significantly reduced inner nuclear layer (INL) and inner plexiform layer (IPL) thickness were found in both genotypes. The intensity of calbindin staining for horizontal cells in INL was reduced in the WT retinae but not in AR-deficient retinae. In addition, significant reduction was found in calretinin-positive amacrine cell bodies in central INL especially in WT retinae. Serious distortion was also observed in the three calretinin-positive strata along IPL in the WT retinae but not AR-deficient retinae on P17. Moreover, increased GFAP intensity across IPL indicating Müller cell processes was observed in AR-deficient retinae on P14 and in WT retinae on P17. Furthermore, increased NT immunoreactivity in INL and nuclear or para-nuclear PAR staining along GCL were observed in WT retina while these changes were not apparent in AR-deficient retina. CONCLUSION: Our observations demonstrated morphological changes of retinal neurons in the mouse model of ROP and indicated that AR deficiency showed neuronal protection in the retina, possibly through modulating glial responses and reducing oxidative stress.postprin

Use of deltopectoral flap for head and neck reconstruction

Theme: Challenges to specialists in the 21st centurypublished_or_final_versio