Shared Equity Policy in Joint Ventures for Host Countries

This paper provides a game model for examining the host overseas investment policy and MNEs equity strategy in international joint ventures. This paper refines previous Chen & Chung’s (2008) results and considers the host policy about MNEs’ joint-venture. This paper shows foreign firms increase their technology transfer incentive because less competition from the joint-venture partner when a foreign firm holds lower shares. And the holding shares of foreign firms must be not smaller than 50 percent. The host welfare increases with foreign firms’ minority equity. The equity conflict exists in the higher technology spillover and transfer cost cases. Hence, the host governments always impose investment restrictions on MNEs in the Developing countries. Otherwise, it has more loose policy in the Developed countries.joint venture; equity policy; welfare; technology transfer; spillover

Ideology and Power Relationships in Taiwanese Music Video.

This study is a textual analysis of Taiwanese music video. By analyzing Taiwanese music video and probing the definition of sex roles and patriarchy in Taiwanese culture, the researcher attempted to establish some basic foundations for developing a Taiwanese feminist theory. The results suggest that in Taiwanese music video, females are portrayed as docile, soft, passive, weak, vulnerable, innocent, childlike, narcissistic, and domestic. Yet, the image of a macho man is unpopular in Taiwanese culture; on the contrary, male roles are depicted as docile, soft, passive, vulnerable, obedient, moderate, and shy. Female-address videos often show positive male images; on the other hand, male-address videos reveal an ambivalent feeling toward women. The most significant differences between the portrayals of female and male are their roles and status In socie1y. Females\u27 roles in socie1y are highly limited. Therefore, males have to bear all the social obligations, including obedience to the social order, pursuing a love relationship (in order to establish a family), and working hard (to support the family). The ideology that undergirds the definitions of sex roles in Taiwanese culture is Confucianism, which sustains a harmonious and hierarchical social order in which a distinct role and proper status are prescribed for each person. It is proposed here that a triangular model of power relations might explain the power struggles in Taiwanese culture. In Western cultural female and male are the 1wo roles involved in the power struggle; there are three roles involved in the power struggles in Taiwanese culture. That is, female, male, and the patriarch together form a triangular structure of power relations and the concept of patriarchy. While males as a group hold the dominant power, this dominant group is hierarchical itself. A male\u27s role and power are determined in relation to the patriarch and must be obedient to the imperatives of role and sta1us. When a male becomes the familial patriarch, he then gains absolute power in the sphere of his family. In this power triangle, the female is always subordinate and powerless

Common wave behavior for mergers and acquisitions in OECD countries? a unique analysis using new Markov switching panel model approach

This paper investigates whether or not there is co-waved merger and acquisition (M&A) activity in 26 OECD countries. We apply the Markov Switching model to panel data (MSP hereafter), an approach which has not previously been attempted. Two distinct regimes are recognized in emerge from M&A data: the wave merger regime and normal merger regime. Our MSP captures the co-wave pattern of the sample countries and has a much better fit than either the univariate Markov Switching model or the conventional linear panel model.

The Malaysian Medication Adherence Scale (MALMAS): Concurrent Validity Using a Clinical Measure among People with Type 2 Diabetes in Malaysia.

Medication non-adherence is a prevalent problem worldwide but up to today, no gold standard is available to assess such behavior. This study was to evaluate the psychometric properties, particularly the concurrent validity of the English version of the Malaysian Medication Adherence Scale (MALMAS) among people with type 2 diabetes in Malaysia. Individuals with type 2 diabetes, aged 21 years and above, using at least one anti-diabetes agent and could communicate in English were recruited. The MALMAS was compared with the 8-item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8) to assess its convergent validity while concurrent validity was evaluated based on the levels of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C). Participants answered the MALMAS twice: at baseline and 4 weeks later. The study involved 136 participants. The MALMAS achieved acceptable internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha=0.565) and stable reliability as the test-retest scores showed fair correlation (Spearman's rho=0.412). The MALMAS has good correlation with the MMAS-8 (Spearman's rho=0.715). Participants who were adherent to their anti-diabetes medications had significantly lower median HbA1C values than those who were non-adherence (7.90 versus 8.55%, p=0.032). The odds of participants who were adherent to their medications achieving good glycemic control was 3.36 times (95% confidence interval: 1.09-10.37) of those who were non-adherence. This confirms the concurrent validity of the MALMAS. The sensitivity of the MALMAS was 88.9% while its specificity was 29.6%. The findings of this study further substantiates the reliability and validity of the MALMAS, in particular its concurrent validity and sensitivity for assessing medication adherence of people with type 2 diabetes in Malaysia

Equity Building Actions of New Ventures in A High-Velocity Market: Research on Taiwan\u27s Internet Entrepreneurial Organizations

Based on the theories, such as the resources-based theory, new product development and strategic alliances, we proposed the equity-building actions of new ventures in the Internet industry. We note that the new ventures’ purpose in capital raising actions before going public is not simply to raise funds, but to obtain rare resources and build core competence through equity invested or conjoined. Through interviews, we discuss factors that affect the equity-building process, and propose two propositions. Firstly, the original core resources of new ventures will affect the equity-building process. Especially, on target selecting, alliance timing, and alliance preference. Secondly, equity-building actions before IPO are parts of a growing strategy for emerging firms. The findings of this research are helpful in understanding the linkage between resource endowment and equity-building actions, and for new ventures to build up competitive advantages during founding period

Practice note: Responding to civic conflict: Developing intergroup dialogue co‐facilitators

A large U.S. city (called here, Coastal City), with a liberal milieu and a history of racial and ethnic conflict, was elected several years ago to increase its ability to deal with racial conflict. The city chose the intergroup dialogue (IGD) method. Here we examine IGD and how it differs from some other conflict response approaches—including the program's purpose, design, initial implementation, and lessons learned in this enterprise. This article describes a program to train intergroup dialogue co‐facilitators, engaging a civic process to improve race relations in a large urban setting.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/92430/1/21047_ftp.pd

IC 3418: Star Formation in a Turbulent Wake

Galaxy Evolution Explorer observations of IC 3418, a low surface brightness galaxy in the Virgo Cluster, revealed a striking 17 kpc UV tail of bright knots and diffuse emission. H alpha imaging confirms that star formation is ongoing in the tail. IC 3418 was likely recently ram pressure stripped on its first pass through Virgo. We suggest that star formation is occurring in molecular clouds that formed in IC 3418's turbulent stripped wake. Tides and ram pressure stripping (RPS) of molecular clouds are both disfavored as tail formation mechanisms. The tail is similar to the few other observed star-forming tails, all of which likely formed during RPS. The tails' morphologies reflect the forces present during their formation and can be used to test for dynamical coupling between molecular and diffuse gas, thereby probing the origin of the star forming molecular gas.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure

Protection of the Extracts of Lentinus edodes Mycelia against Carbon-Tetrachloride-Induced Hepatic Injury in Rats

Lentinus edodes is the medicinal macrofungus showing potential for therapeutic applications in infectious disorders including hepatitis. In an attempt to develop the agent for handling hepatic injury, we used the extracts of Lentinus edodes mycelia (LEM) to screen the effect on hepatic injury in rats induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). Intraperitoneal administration of CCl4 not only increased plasma glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) and glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) but also decreased hepatic superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) levels in rats. Similar to the positive control silymarin, oral administration (three times daily) of this product (LEM) for 8 weeks significantly reduced plasma GOT and GPT. Also, the activities of antioxidant enzymes of SOD and GPx were elevated by LEM. in liver from CCl4-treated rats, indicating that mycelium can increase antioxidant-like activity. Moreover, the hepatic mRNA and protein levels of SOD and GPx were both markedly raised by LEM. The obtained results suggest that oral administration of the extracts of Lentinus edodes mycelia (LEM) has the protective effect against CCl4-induced hepatic injury in rats, mainly due to an increase in antioxidant-like action