STRUCTURE HARVESTER results for downy mildew showing a K value of 5.

<p>STRUCTURE HARVESTER results for downy mildew showing a K value of 5.</p

Summary data for identical genotypes of downy mildew with race-typed individuals in bold.

<p>Summary data for identical genotypes of downy mildew with race-typed individuals in bold.</p

Principle Coordinates Analysis showing genetic distances between individuals in five clusters.

<p>Each color represents a STRUCTURE cluster. Cluster 1 (red), cluster 2 (blue), cluster 3 (green), cluster 4 (purple), and cluster 5 (orange).</p

Historical panel of isolates and race types (if known or newly proposed).

<p>Historical panel of isolates and race types (if known or newly proposed).</p

STRUCTURE plot of assigned probabilities of 82 unique genotypes.

<p>Each genotype is represented by a bar indicating likelihood of membership in cluster 1 (red), cluster 2 (blue), cluster 3 (green), cluster 4 (purple), and cluster 5 (orange).</p

Genetic diversity and population structure analysis of spinach by single-nucleotide polymorphisms identified through genotyping-by-sequencing - Fig 1

<p>Model-based populations in association panels consisted of 268 USDA GRIN germplasm accessions: (a) Delta K values for different numbers of populations (K) assumed in analysis completed with the STRUCTURE software. (b) Classification of 268 spinach accessions into two populations using STRUCTURE Version 2.3.4, where the numbers on the y-axis show the subgroup membership, and the x-axis shows the different accession. The distribution of accessions into different populations is indicated by the color coding and shape (Cluster 1, Q1, is red round shape; and Cluster 2, Q2, is green squared). (c) Maximum Likelihood (ML) tree of the 268 spinach accessions drawn in MEGA 6. The color code for each population is consistent in the (b) and (c), and the empty black square represents accessions aligned with the admixture cluster or population, Q1Q2 in 268 USDA GRIN spinach germplasm accessions.</p

Three parameters were estimated: (1) The number of spinach accessions in each cluster was list by region (up section in the table); (2) the percentage of accessions in each cluster was listed by region and the data were shown in each row (the middle section in the table); and (3) the percentage of accessions in each region was listed by cluster and the data were shown in each column (bottom section in the table) in the 268 USDA spinach germplasm accessions.

<p>Three parameters were estimated: (1) The number of spinach accessions in each cluster was list by region (up section in the table); (2) the percentage of accessions in each cluster was listed by region and the data were shown in each row (the middle section in the table); and (3) the percentage of accessions in each region was listed by cluster and the data were shown in each column (bottom section in the table) in the 268 USDA spinach germplasm accessions.</p

The traditional phylogenetic tree created by the Maximum Likelihood (ML) method from MEGA 6 in spinach germplasm accessions from 12 countries plus F1 hybrids and Arkansas lines.

<p>The traditional phylogenetic tree created by the Maximum Likelihood (ML) method from MEGA 6 in spinach germplasm accessions from 12 countries plus F1 hybrids and Arkansas lines.</p

Three parameters were estimated: (1) The number of spinach accessions in each cluster was list by region (up section in the table); (2) the percentage of accessions in each cluster was listed by region and the data were shown in each row (the middle section in the table); and (3) the percentage of accessions in each region was listed by cluster and the data were shown in each column (bottom section in the table) in the 343 world wide spinach genotypes including 268 USDA accessions, 45 F1 hybrids and 30 Arkansas lines.

<p>Three parameters were estimated: (1) The number of spinach accessions in each cluster was list by region (up section in the table); (2) the percentage of accessions in each cluster was listed by region and the data were shown in each row (the middle section in the table); and (3) the percentage of accessions in each region was listed by cluster and the data were shown in each column (bottom section in the table) in the 343 world wide spinach genotypes including 268 USDA accessions, 45 F1 hybrids and 30 Arkansas lines.</p

The traditional phylogenetic tree created by the Maximum Likelihood (ML) method from MEGA 6 in spinach genotypes from 7 regions (groups).

<p>The traditional phylogenetic tree created by the Maximum Likelihood (ML) method from MEGA 6 in spinach genotypes from 7 regions (groups).</p