An example of the radial pulse signal recorded from a subject with congestive heart failure.

<p>Note that at the 3^<i>rd</i> second there is an obvious artifact, indicated by the blue arrow, and at the 5.5^<i>th</i> second there are two shock noise events. The relatively small pulse wave at the 3^<i>rd</i> second is related to a premature atrial contraction. This is significant since patients with heart failure may have more premature beats than a normal control.</p

Sensitivity (SEN), specificity (SPE), accuracy (AC), the area under curve (AUC) and the accuracy of the leave-one-out cross validation (LOOCV) of the global pulse signature evaluated from different positions on both hands.

<p>The confidence intervals of the AUC are reported in parentheses.</p

Modeling the Pulse Signal by Wave-Shape Function and Analyzing by Synchrosqueezing Transform - Fig 2

<p>Left: an illustrative wave-shape function s with <i>D</i> = 5, <i>δ</i> = 0.59 and <i>θ</i> = 0. Right: an IMT function with the wave-shape function s and time varying amplitude and frequency. Here the frequency is about 1.2 Hz.</p

The deviation from the mean of each entry of the spectral pulse signature (SPS) is shown in the error bar plot.

<p>The error bar is determined by the standard deviation. In the top row, the distribution of SPS determined from guan, chun and chi positions of the left hand are shown from left to right. In the bottom row, the distribution of SPS determined from guan, chun and chi of the right hand are shown from left to right. The results of the normal subjects are shown in the gray error bar, and those of the subjects with congestive heart failure are shown in the black error bar.</p

The histograms of GPSs determined from chun, guan and chi positions on the left (respectively right) hand are shown on the left, middle and right subfigures on the top (respectively bottom) row.

<p>The normal group is shown in the gray color and the congestive heart failure group is shown in black. Gray stars represent the determined thresholds by the ROC binary classification.</p

Left (respectively middle and right): the receiver operating curve (ROC) of the global pulse signature (GPS) of the chun (respectively guan and chi) position on the left hand is shown in the black curve and that of the right hand is shown in the gray hand.

<p>Black and gray circles are the optimal operating point of the ROC.</p

Kaplan–Meier curves of clopidogrel on primary cardiovascular events at 12 months (A) Overall, (B) CKD, (B) non-CKD.

<p>Kaplan–Meier curves of clopidogrel on primary cardiovascular events at 12 months (A) Overall, (B) CKD, (B) non-CKD.</p

Association between clopidogrel use and CKD on primary endopint at 12 months.

<p>CKD, chronic kidney bleeding.</p

Baseline characteristics between those with and without CKD.

<p>CKD, Chronic kidney disease; SBP, Systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; CAD, coronary artery disease; TIMI, thrombolysis in myocardial infarction; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting.</p

Multivariable-adjusted odd ratios for the association between clopidogrel use and in-hospital cardiovascular events.

<p>Model 1: adjusted for age and sex. Model 2: adjusted for age, gender, Killip class, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoking, family history of cardiovascular disease, prior myocardial infarction, prior heart failure, prior cerebrovascular accident.</p>*<p>, p<0.05.</p