12．グルタミン酸ナトリウムはglucagon like peptide-1の食後早期の分泌を促進し, 食後血糖の上昇を抑制する

The purpose of this study was to compare the growth and nutritional status of infants fed different diets, some of whom received a low-fat formula. Beginning at four to six months of age, 101 infants were fed whole cow\u27s milk, one of two low-fat follow-up formulas, or a standard infant formula until 12 months of age. Weight, recumbent length, and head circumference were measured at one-month intervals. Analyses of status (values at an age) for all examinations showed no significant differences among the feeding groups in status for weight or recumbent length, but there were significant differences in head circumference for boys and for girls after adjustments for the initial values. Head circumferences were smaller in those fed whole cow\u27s milk and relatively large in those fed follow-up formula, but these differences were small and not of clinical significance. Comparisons with national reference data showed growth in weight, recumbent length, and head circumference was normal regardless of feeding group. These results indicate that, during the second half year of infancy, the use of lower fat concentrations in the follow-up formulas did not retard growth in weight, recumbent length, or head circumference

Serial Changes in Predicted Adult Statures for Individuals

Serial predictions of adult stature are needed in the clinical management of many children. The changes in these predictions might reflect effects of intervention and, at least in part, the changes that occur between serial predictions for normal children. The mean differences between predictions for normal children made 1, 2-, or 5 years apart are near zero; at most ages the standard deviations of these changes approximate 1.2, 1.5 and 2.0 cm respectively. These findings are important in evaluating the effects of diseases or intervention and in determining the sample sizes necessary to demonstrate significant effects in studies based upon alterations in predicted adult statures

An Intervention to Improve Health Literacy Practices in Underserved Pediatric Settings

There are specific interventions recommended by national organizations to improve the health literacy environment of primary care practices. This study assessed the effectiveness of a health literacy intervention, based on the American Medical Association Health Literacy Educational modules, on health care provider knowledge and behaviors and on pediatric patient preventive care outcomes (immunizations and well child care)

An Intervention to Improve Health Literacy Practices in Underserved Pediatric Settings

There are specific interventions recommended by national organizations to improve the health literacy environment of primary care practices. This study assessed the effectiveness of a health literacy intervention, based on the American Medical Association Health Literacy Educational modules, on health care provider knowledge and behaviors and on pediatric patient preventive care outcomes (immunizations and well child care)

Distributions of Serial Changes in Stature and Weight in a Healthy Elderly Population

Decreases in stature and weight are known to occur with old age, but there is limited knowledge of normal values for rates of change of these measures in the healthy elderly. In the present study, 122 elderly white women and 98 elderly white men were followed prospectively for 6 years. These participants were divided into 5 year cohorts based upon age at the start of the study in 1980. The slopes and intercepts of the separate linear regressions of stature and weight on age for each participant were analyzed. The present findings indicate that serial measures of stature decrease at a mean rate of about 0.5 cm/year, and that this rate of decline is approximately constant across age and sex. The changes in weight were small and negative, except for the lightest participants who recorded increases in weight

Development and Validation of an Anthropometrically Based Prediction Equation for Estimating the Percent Body Fat of Post-Menopausal Black Females

Anthropometric equations developed specifically for the estimation of body composition parameters in Black females are limited. Data from the Lifespan Health Research Center were used to develop a new, easy to use equation to estimate the percent body fat of post-menopausal Black females using simple and easy to collect anthropometrics. The body composition of 72 post-menopausal Black females was measured by Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA). Validation (N=55) and cross-validation groups (N=17) were randomly assigned. Prediction models were developed using stepwise multiple regression analyses with percent body fat as the dependent variable and various anthropometrics as the independent variables. The chosen prediction equation uses hip circumference, wrist breadth, bicep skinfold, and weight as predictors of percent body fat. The suggested prediction equation is: %BF = -214.28 + 58.58*ln (hip Circ) - 23.47*ln (wrist BB) + 7.24*ln (bicep SKF) – 0.00108*weight2 and has a model R2 =0.82 and a SEE=1.0%

Development and Validation of an Anthropometrically Based Prediction Equation for Estimating the Percent Body Fat of Post-Menopausal Black Females

Anthropometric equations developed specifically for the estimation of body composition parameters in Black females are limited. Data from the Lifespan Health Research Center were used to develop a new, easy to use equation to estimate the percent body fat of post-menopausal Black females using simple and easy to collect anthropometrics. The body composition of 72 post-menopausal Black females was measured by Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA). Validation (N=55) and cross-validation groups (N=17) were randomly assigned. Prediction models were developed using stepwise multiple regression analyses with percent body fat as the dependent variable and various anthropometrics as the independent variables. The chosen prediction equation uses hip circumference, wrist breadth, bicep skinfold, and weight as predictors of percent body fat. The suggested prediction equation is: %BF = -214.28 + 58.58*ln (hip Circ) - 23.47*ln (wrist BB) + 7.24*ln (bicep SKF) – 0.00108*weight2 and has a model R2 =0.82 and a SEE=1.0%