Comparisons of spectra determined using detector atoms and spatial correlation functions

We show how two level atoms can be used to determine the local time dependent spectrum. The method is applied to a one dimensional cavity. The spectrum obtained is compared with the mode spectrum determined using spatially filtered second order correlation functions. The spectra obtained using two level atoms give identical results with the mode spectrum. One benefit of the method is that only one time averages are needed. It is also more closely related to a realistic measurement scheme than any other definition of a time dependent spectrum.Comment: 8 pages, 8 figure

Metal-insulator transition at B=0 in an ultra-low density (rs=23r_{s}=23) two dimensional GaAs/AlGaAs hole gas

We have observed a metal-insulator transition in an ultra-low density two dimensional hole gas formed in a high quality GaAs-AlGaAs heterostructure at B=0. At the highest carrier density studied ($p_{s}=2.2x10^{10} cm^{-2}, r_{s}=16$) the hole gas is strongly metallic, with an exceptional mobility of $425,000 cm^{2}V^{-1}s^{-1}$. The low disorder and strength of the many-body interactions in this sample are highlighted by the observation of re-entrant metal insulator transitions in both the fractional ($\nu < 1/3$) and integer ($2 > \nu > 1$) quantum Hall regimes. On reducing the carrier density the temperature and electric field dependence of the resistivity show that the sample is still metallic at $p_{s}=1.3x10^{10} cm^{-2}$ ($r_{s}=21$), becoming insulating at $p_{s}{\simeq}1x10^{10} cm^{-2}$. Our results indicate that electron-electron interactions are dominant at these low densities, pointing to the many body origins of this metal-insulator transition. We note that the value of $r_{s}$ at the transition ($r_{s}=23 +/- 2$) is large enough to allow the formation of a weakly pinned Wigner crystal, and is approaching the value calculated for the condensation of a pure Wigner crystal.Comment: 4 pages, latex, 4 postscript figures, submitted to EP2DS-12 on 21st August 1997, to appear in Physica

Phase separation and vortex states in binary mixture of Bose-Einstein condensates in the trapping potentials with displaced centers

The system of two simultaneously trapped codensates consisting of $^{87}Rb$ atoms in two different hyperfine states is investigated theoretically in the case when the minima of the trapping potentials are displaced with respect to each other. It is shown that the small shift of the minima of the trapping potentials leads to the considerable displacement of the centers of mass of the condensates, in agreement with the experiment. It is also shown that the critical angular velocities of the vortex states of the system drastically depend on the shift and the relative number of particles in the condensates, and there is a possibility to exchange the vortex states between condensates by shifting the centers of the trapping potentials.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figure