241 research outputs found
Achieving collaborative welfare provision for orphans: a case in Rural China
Main Theme: Transformations, Development and Culture in Asia: Multidisciplinary Perspectivesćč°ä¸ťéĄ: äşć´˛çčŽéŠ, çźĺąĺćĺ: ĺžĺ¤č§ĺşŚĺşçźSession 3B: Managing Urbanization in China: no. E009In recent years, the scope and number of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and other charity foundations have been bourgeoning in China. While each of these organizations has its own unique agendas and target recipients, they are bounded by the common goal to improve certain human conditions for disadvantaged individuals or population groups. By using a case study methodology, and analyzing first-hand data from in-depth interviews conducted with various stakeholders, this article sheds light on some of the current barriers in implementing effective orphan care policies in rural China, and illustrate how NGOs can complement government efforts in providing adequate care for orphans. Organizational theory is used as a paradigm through which the relationship between the State and NGOs is analyzed. Implications for future child welfare development in China are discussed.postprin
Lack of structural rearrangement in c-kit and stem cell factor genes in Hong Kong Chinese patients with myelodysplastic syndromes or acute myeloid leukaemia
Stem cell factor is a haemopoietic growth factor that interacts with the c-kit--encoded transmembrane tyrosine kinase receptor during signal transduction in haemopoietic progenitor stem cells. We have screened 127 Chinese patients with myelodysplastic syndromes or acute myeloid leukaemia for structural rearrangements in the stem cell factor and c-kit genes using Southern blot analysis. No structural rearrangements were detected in any of the bone marrow samples that were tested. It seems that structural rearrangements in the stem cell factor and c-kit genes are rare in Hong Kong patients who have a haematological malignancy.published_or_final_versio
Childrenâs time use in developing countries: Comparative evidence from Thailand, Philippines, Indonesia, and Vietnam
87 Session: Poster Session: Children and youth IIOrganizer: International Union for the Scientific Study of Population (IUSSP)Childrenâs time use is an important factor affecting human capital outcomes such as educational attainment and future employment. Thus far, little attention has been paid to how childrenâs time use varies across and within middle- and low-income countries compared to more economically-advanced countries. In this article, we use comparative survey data to examine childrenâs time use in four countries with varying degrees of development in the Asian regionâthe Philippines, Thailand, Indonesia, and Vietnam. We selected childrenâs time use as the key outcome and, based on previous literature, we hypothesize that child age and gender, and household characteristics influence the organization of childrenâs daily lives, in particular how they allocate their time between leisure, study (outside school), housework, and work that supplements family income. Using a series of OLS regression models, we find evidence of gendered time allocation, with girls generally more likely to perform housework and devote less time to leisure, while boys generally spend more time working to support the household and more time in leisure. Some of the gendered differences are attenuated within households with higher maternal education. The detailed results suggest nuanced processes differentiating the country samples, and we discuss both their theoretical and practical implications.postprin
Change of the emission spectra in organic light-emitting diodes by layer thickness modification
The electroluminescence (EL) and photoluminescence properties of organic light-emitting diodes (LED) were analyzed using layer thickness modification. Investigations show that the EL spectra exhibited significant variation with the increase of the viewing angle. It was found that multiple peak emission could be achieved for a certain range of thickness values. It was concluded that near white emission with CIE coordinates (0.32, 0.43) could be obtained for optimized device thickness.published_or_final_versio
Anti-cancer effects of a novel quinoline derivative 83b1 on human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma through Down-Regulation of COX-2 mRNA and PGE2
published_or_final_versio
Corilagin Induces High Levels of Apoptosis in the Temozolomide-Resistant T98G Glioma Cell Line
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), a malignant tumor of the central nervous system, has a high mortality rate; no curativetreatment is presently available and the most commonly used chemiotherapeutic drug, the alkylating agent temozolomide (TMZ), is only able to increase life expectancy and is often associated with drugresistance. Therefore, an urgent need does exist for novel drugs aimed at treating gliomas. In the present study we obtained three major results using corliagin: (a) demonstrate that it inhibits the growth of U251 glioma cells through activation of the apoptotic pathway; (b) demonstrate that it is also active on temozolomideresistant T98G glioma cells; (c) demonstrate that when used in combination with temozolomide on T98G glioma cells a higher level of pro-apototic and antiproliferative effects are observed. Our study indicates that corilagin should be investigated in more detail in order to determine if it can be developed as a potential therapeutic agent. In addition, our results suggest that corilagin could be used in combination with low dosages of other standard anticancer chemotherapeutic drugs against gliomas (such as temozolomide) with the aim of obtaining enhanced anticancer effects
Universality in the Screening Cloud of Dislocations Surrounding a Disclination
A detailed analytical and numerical analysis for the dislocation cloud
surrounding a disclination is presented. The analytical results show that the
combined system behaves as a single disclination with an effective fractional
charge which can be computed from the properties of the grain boundaries
forming the dislocation cloud. Expressions are also given when the crystal is
subjected to an external two-dimensional pressure. The analytical results are
generalized to a scaling form for the energy which up to core energies is given
by the Young modulus of the crystal times a universal function. The accuracy of
the universality hypothesis is numerically checked to high accuracy. The
numerical approach, based on a generalization from previous work by S. Seung
and D.R. Nelson ({\em Phys. Rev A 38:1005 (1988)}), is interesting on its own
and allows to compute the energy for an {\em arbitrary} distribution of
defects, on an {\em arbitrary geometry} with an arbitrary elastic {\em energy}
with very minor additional computational effort. Some implications for recent
experimental, computational and theoretical work are also discussed.Comment: 35 pages, 21 eps file
Response to ''Comment on 'Change of the emission spectra in organic light-emitting diodes by layer thickness modification''' Appl. Phys. Lett. 86, 186101.2005.
link_to_subscribed_fulltex
COVID-19 Vaccination Preferences of University Students and Staff in Hong Kong
IMPORTANCE:
COVID-19 has required universities to rapidly develop vaccination policies for students and staff, yet little is known about the preferences of these individuals toward vaccination.
OBJECTIVE:
To quantify student and staff preferences for COVID-19 vaccination at a university in Hong Kong.
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS:
A cross-sectional online survey study was conducted from July 20 to September 21, 2021, before the announcement of a campus-wide vaccine mandate. A survey of 42âŻ451 eligible university students and staff used discrete-choice experiment methods to quantify 7 attributes of COVID-19 vaccination: risk of a mild or moderate adverse event after vaccination, risk of a severe adverse event after vaccination, efficacy against COVID-19 infection, efficacy against severe manifestation of COVID-19 infection, duration of protection after vaccination, incentive for completing vaccination, and out-of-pocket costs.
MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES:
A mixed logit regression model was used to estimate the preferences of attributes for COVID-19 vaccines and marginal willingness to pay (mWTP) adjusted for background characteristics, role, vaccination, and COVID-19 infection status of family or friends, adverse event status after vaccination among family and friends of participants, and scenario block.
RESULTS:
Among 42âŻ451 eligible university students and staff invited, 3423 individuals completed the survey (mean [SD] age, 27.1 [9.9] years; 2053 [60.0%] women). Participants included 2506 students (73.2%) and 917 staff (26.8%), with a response rate of 8.1%. Quarantine-free travel was preferred (βâ=â0.86; 95% CI, 0.72-0.99; mWTP: 190.3-84.1; 95% CI, 100.8), against severe manifestation of COVID-19 infection (βâ=â0.25; 95% CI, 0.24-0.27; mWTP: 465-66.8; 95% CI, â55.3). Participants were less concerned about protection duration (βâ=â0.17; 95% CI, 0.15-0.18; mWTP: 38.6-32.7; 95% CI, â26.4).
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE:
Preference of all attributes were significant and were considered important by the participants for vaccine decision-making. Insights drawn could assist policy makers in future vaccination decisions, such as campus vaccine mandate and requirement of a third dose
A two-phase flow model to simulate mold filling and saturation in Resin Transfer Molding
The final publication is available at Springer via http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12289-015-1225-zThis paper addresses the numerical simulation of void formation and transport during mold filling in Resin Transfer Molding (RTM). The saturation equation, based on a two-phase flow model resin/air, is coupled with Darcy s law and mass conservation to simulate the unsaturated filling flow
that takes place in a RTM mold when resin is injected through the fiber bed. These equations lead to a system composed of an advection diffusion equation for saturation including capillary effects and an elliptic equation for pressure taking into account the effect of air residual saturation. The model introduces the relative permeability as a function of resin saturation. When capillary effects are omitted, the hyperbolic nature of the saturation equation and its strong coupling with Darcy
equation through relative permeability represent a challenging numerical issue. The combination of the constitutive physical laws relating permeability to saturation with the coupled system
of the pressure and saturation equations allows predicting the saturation profiles. The model was validated by comparison with experimental data obtained for a fiberglass reinforcement
injected in a RTM mold at constant flow rate. The saturation measured as a function of time during the resin impregnation of the fiber bed compared very well with numerical predictions.The authors acknowledge financial support of the Spanish Government (Projects DPI2010-20333 and DPI2013-44903-R-AR), of the National Science and Research Council of Canada (NSERC) and of the Canada Reseach Chair (CRC) program.GascĂłn MartĂnez, ML.; GarcĂa Manrique, JA.; Lebel, F.; Ruiz, E.; Trochu, F. (2016). A two-phase flow model to simulate mold filling and saturation in Resin Transfer Molding. International Journal of Material Forming. 9(2):229-239. doi:10.1007/s12289-015-1225-zS22923992Patel N, Lee LJ (1996) Modeling of void formation and removal in liquid composite molding. Part I: wettability analysis. Polym Compos 17(1):96â103Ruiz E, Achim V, Soukane S, Trochu F, BrĂŠard J (2006) Optimization of injection flow rate to minimize micro/macro-voids formation in resin transfer molded composites. Compos Sci Technol 66(3â4):475â486Trochu F, Ruiz E, Achim V, Soukane S (2006) Advanced numerical simulation of liquid composite molding for process analysis and optimization. Compos A: Appl Sci Manuf 37(6):890â902Park CH, Lee W (2011) Modeling void formation and unsaturated flow in liquid composite molding processes: a survey and review. J Reinf Plast Compos 30(11):957â977Pillai KM (2004) Modeling the unsaturated flow in liquid composite molding processes: a review and some thoughts. J Compos Mater 38(23):2097â2118Breard J, Saouab A, Bouquet G (2003) Numerical simulation of void formation in LCM. Compos A: Appl Sci Manuf 34:517â523Breard J, Henzel Y, Trochu F, Gauvin R (2003) Analysis of dynamic flows through porous media. Part I: comparison between saturated and unsaturated flows in fibrous reinforcements. Polym Compos 24(3):391â408Parnas RS, Phelan FR Jr (1991) The effect of heterogeneous porous media on mold filling in Resin Transfer Molding. SAMPE Q 22(2):53â60Parseval DY, Pillai KM, Advani SG (1997) A simple model for the variation of permeability due to partial saturation in dual scale porous media. Transp Porous Media 27(3):243â264Pillai KM (2002) Governing equations for unsaturated flow through woven fiber mats. Part 1. Isothermal flows. Compos A: Appl Sci Manuf 33(7):1007â1019Simacek P, Advani SG (2003) A numerical model to predict fiber tow saturation during Liquid Composite Molding. Compos Sci Technol 63:1725â1736GarcĂa JA, GascĂłn L, Chinesta F (2010) A flux limiter strategy for solving the saturation equation in RTM process simulation. Compos A: Appl Sci Manuf 41:78â82Chui WK, Glimm J, Tangerman FM, Jardine AP, Madsen JS, Donnellan TM, Leek R (1997) Process modeling in Resin Transfer Molding as a method to enhance product quality. SIAM Rev 39(4):714â727Nordlund M, Michaud V (2012) Dynamic saturation curve measurement for resin flow in glass fibre reinforcement. Compos A: Appl Sci Manuf 43:333â343GarcĂa JA, Ll G, Chinesta F (2003) A fixed mesh numerical method for modelling the flow in liquid composites moulding processes using a volume of fluid technique. Comput Methods Appl Mech Eng 192(7â8):877â893GarcĂa JA, Ll G, Chinesta F, Trochu F, Ruiz E (2010) An efficient solver of the saturation equation in liquid composite molding processes. Int J Mater Form 3(2):1295â1302Lebel F (2012) ContrĂ´le de la fabrication des composites par injection sur renforts. Ăcole Polytechnique de MontrĂŠal, CanadaVan Genuchten MT (1980) Closed-form equation for predicting the hydraulic conductivity of unsaturated soils. Soil Sci Soc Am J 44(5):892â898Buckley SE, Leverett MC (1942) Mechanism of fluid displacement in sands. Pet Trans AWME 146:107â116Lundstrom TS, Gebart BR (1994) Influence from process parameters on void formation in Resin Transfer Molding. Polym Compos 15(1):25â33Lundstrom TS (1997) Measurement of void collapse during Resin Transfer Molding. Compos A: Appl Sci Manuf 28(3):201â214Lundstrom TS, Frishfelds V, Jakovics A (2010) Bubble formation and motion in non-crimp fabrics with perturbed bundle geometry. Compos A: Appl Sci Manuf 41:83â92Lebel F, Fanaei A, Ruiz E, Trochu F (2012) Experimental characterization by fluorescence of capillary flows in the fiber tows of engineering fabrics. Open J Inorg Non-Metallic Mater 2(3):25â45Brooks RH, Corey AT (1964) Hydraulic properties of porous media. Colorado State University. Hydrology Papers 1â37Corey AT (1954) The interrelation between gas and oil relative permeabilities. Prod Monthly 19(1):38â4
- âŚ