+Exploring the Effectiveness of Kindergarten Students’ Online Learning During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Online teaching was adopted in Hong Kong and many other places worldwide dueto lockdown policies during the COVID-19 pandemic. This research explores theeffectiveness of kindergarten students’ online learning as measured by parents’reports of their child’s satisfaction with learning, engagement in learning, effectiveteaching strategies, and an environment conducive to online learning. Parents of392 students from 40 randomly selected kindergartens in Hong Kong completedquestionnaires in March 2022, a few months after the end of online teaching. Aquestionnaire was designed for this study, with reliability and validity supportedby Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). Structural Equation Modeling (SEM)was used to test hypotheses. The findings show that effective teaching strategiesand an environment conducive to online learning positively affected studentlearning. It can cast light on the issue of whether online teaching is suitable forkindergarten students, the appropriate teaching strategies, and the kind of learningenvironment needed to enhance online learning processes and outcomes