Education of human relations at students of the medical university based on cultural competences

Most sharply formation of universal values and the humane attitude towards the person is shown during the work of the doctor with socially important diseases (including, phthisiology). Authors of this article have tried to define a possibility of education of the humane attitude towards the patient by modern standards of education.Наиболее остро формирование общечеловеческих ценностей и гуманного отношения к человеку проявляется при работе врача с социально значимыми заболеваниями (в том числе фтизиатрии). Авторы данной статьи попытались определить возможность воспитания гуманного отношения к пациенту с помощью современных стандартов образования

Features of the immune answer of children with strong reaction on tuberculin

The purpose of work: to reveal features of the immune answer at patients with skin reaction on tuberculin 17 mm and more. Materials and methods: 53 children of 10-15 years having skin reaction on tuberculin of 17 and more mm are included In research. Groups are generated on presence of the fact of the established contact. Statistical data processing was carried out with the help of software SPSS (USA) intended for performance of all stages of the fundamental scientific statistical analysis Results of reaction Mantou do not deftend on presence of contact to an ill tuberculosis and efficiency specific chemopreventive therapy. In this connection it is offered to use tuberculin the test as the functional test reflecting a condition of immunity. Patients with strong on 2 T. U. PPD-L from contact on immune to characteristics are similar to patients with a tuberculosis. At patients with strong on tuberculin without the established contact it is marked high degree of completeness phagocytosis and simultaneous increase IL-2 and IL-4 concerning patients and children with strong from contact. On given Initial discriminantal function among them of 56,7 % had other reason of change of the skin test, 13,3 % can be referred to children from an adverse environment, and 30 % - to the patient. It demands realization preventive therapy.Цель: выявить особенности иммунного ответа у пациентов с кожной реакцией на туберкулин 17 мм и более. Материалы и методы: В исследование включены 53 ребенка 10-15 лет, имеющие кожную реакцию на туберкулин 17 и более мм. Группы сформированы по наличию факта установленного контакта. Статистическая обработка данных осуществлялась с помощью программного продукта SPSS (США), предназначенного для выполнения всех этапов фундаментального научного статистического анализа Результаты реакции Манту не зависят от наличия контакта с больным туберкулезом и эффективности специфической химиопрофилактики и химиотерапии. В связи с зтим предлагается использовать туберкулиновый тест в качестве функционального, отражающего состояние иммунитета. Пациенты с гиперергией на 2 ТЕ ППД-Л из контакта по иммунологическим характеристикам похожи на больных туберкулезом. У пациентов с гиперергией на туберкулин без установленного контакта отмечена высокая СЗФ и одновременное увеличение IL-2 и IL-4 относительно больных и детей с гиперергией из контакта. По данным КДФ среди них 56,7% имели другую причину изменения кожного теста, 13,3% могут быть отнесены к детям из неблагоприятного окружения, а 30% - к больным. Зто требует проведения превентивной терапии

Tuberculosis among children in Ural Federal District Condition and problems

In the article there are given tendencies of the index of tuberculosis incidence among children, results of activity of the institutions of general medical system and antituberculosis service of prevention and detection of tubercular infection among children in Ural Federal District. There are described the trends of optimization of antituberculosis activities in the sphere of prevention and detection of tuberculosis among children.В статье представлены тенденции показателя заболеваемости туберкулезом детей, результаты деятельности учреждений общей лечебной сети и противотуберкулезной службы по предупреждению и выявлению туберкулезной инфекции среди детского населения в Уральском федеральном округе. Определены направления оптимизации противотуберкулезной работы в области профилактики и выявления туберкулеза среди детей

Problems of semiotics of diseases of the Achilles tendon in clinical and educational aspects

Achilles tendon disorders are represented by a big group of heterogenous in etiology and pathogenesis conditions, that are quite frequent in patients of various age groups. The diversity of this group of orthopedic disorders and the insufficient information provided on this topic in specialized literature leads to confusion in terminology, which, in turn, leads to misunderstanding the essence of patient’s problem and to mistakes in treatment of such patients.We carried out a content-analysis of contemporary Russian and foreign literature to summarize the existing knowledge and to create the universal nomenclature of the studied pathological conditions for further correct understanding of the problem and creation of classification of disorders and injuries of Achilles tendon

Difficulties in the diagnosis of tuberculosis of the meninges in children of early age

This article discusses three clinical cases of meninges tuberculosis in young childrenВ этой статье рассматриваются три клинических случая туберкулеза мозговых оболочек у детей раннего возраст

Clinicoepidemiologic features of tuberculosis among HIV-infected children living in Sverdlovsk Region

Social and economic events happened the 90s resulted in the increase of sickness rate of tuberculosis among children. In addition, in the last years the number of HIV-infected has increased among adults and childrenas well as sickness rate of tuberculosis among HIV-infected including children. The article gives the data of the analysis of the epidemiological and clinical features of tuberculosis among HIV-infected children (20 children) in comparison with non- HIV-infected children (16 children). All HIV-infected children were infected by vertical way, but when tuberculosis has developed, the III-IV stages of HIV-infection were diagnosed more often. It was revealed that 65% of children in this group had family contact with tubercular patients. More than half (60 %) patients had complications in tuberculosis course; a third (30%) had bacterioexcretion. Mantoux test showed positive result in 65% of the cases, Diaskintest had diagnostic value at 7 children out of 8 ones.Социально-экономические потрясения 90-х годов привели к увеличению показателей заболеваемости детей туберкулезом. Кроме того, в последние годы наблюдается увеличение доли инфицированных ВИЧ среди взрослого и детского населения, рост заболеваемости туберкулезом среди ВИЧ-инфицированных лиц, в том числе - детей. В статье приведены данные анализа эпидемиологических и клинических особенностей туберкулеза у ВИЧ-инфицированных детей (20 детей) в сравнении с не инфицированными ВИЧ (16 детей). Все ВИЧ-инфицированные дети были заражены вертикальным путем, при развитии туберкулеза чаще диагностировалась III-IV стадии ВИЧ-инфекции. У 65% детей данной группы был выявлен семейный контакт с больными туберкулезом. Более чем у половины (60%) пациентов туберкулез протекал осложненно, у трети (30%) наблюдалось бактерио-выделение. Проба Манту лишь в 65% случаев была положительной, Диаскинтест у 7 детей из 8 имел диагностическую ценность

Application of 3D-printing extrusion technology in foundry production

A brief review of the additive technologies used for producing the foundry forming tooling is carried out. The peculiarities of using extrusion 3D-ptinting technology for producing the foundry forming tooling in comparison with other additive technologies are considered. The possibilities to produce the foundry forming tooling from clay viscous-flowing materials using extrusion 3D-ptinting technology are demonstrated experimentally

DIRECT MANUFACTURING OF METAL PARTS USING LOM-TECHNOLOGY

A brief review of the main types of additive technologies providing direct manufacturing of metal parts was carried out. Peculiarities of direct manufacturing of metal parts using LOM-technology (laminated object manufacturing) are compared with other additive technologies. Different methods of juncture stacked sheet metals during fabrication of LOM-parts, including methods of mechanical, adhesive, welded and soldered juncture were analyzed. The advantages and disadvantages of each of these methods were considered. The possibilities of juncture sheet stacked metals by welding and soldering were demonstrated experimentally

Lateral Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty in Structure of Modern Knee Replacement: Is It «Woe From Wit» or a Viable Go-To Method?

Background. Results of numerous contemporary studies indicate that medial and lateral unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) are almost equally effective both in clinical and functional aspects with no statistically significant difference in most cases. Furthermore, both operations tend to reach the effectiveness of total knee arthroplasty (TKA), despite the common opinion that any UKA is a more complex and skill challenging surgery with a less predictable outcome. The purpose — to asses if UKA in the patients with end-stage lateral unicompartmental osteoarthritis is an effective surgical intervention that may allow obtaining good and excellent medium-term functional results, that are comparable to the results of the medial unicompartmental arthroplasty, and to see if there are any benefits in comparison to the total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Materials and Methods. 140 middle-aged and elderly adults with end-stage osteoarthritis underwent knee arthroplasty at Vreden National Medical Research Center of Traumatology and Cheboksary Federal Center of Traumatology, Orthopedics and Arthroplasty. Group I (lateral UKA) (the main ) consisted of 15 patients with knee arthritis and type I Krakow valgus knee deformity, who underwent the lateral UKA with a fixed all-polyethylene tibial component. Group II (medial UKA) included 58 patients with end-stage medial unicompartmental osteoarthritis, who underwent the medial UKA using an endoprosthesis of a similar design. Group III (TKA) was represented by 67 patients with gonarthrosis accompanied by type II Krackow valgus knee deformity, who underwent the total knee arthroplasty with cruciate retaining (CR) prosthesis. The comparison between the groups was carried out regarding the achieved range of motion, functional result (using Oxford Knee Score and Forgotten Joint Score), as well as the rate of different types of complications. Results. During the study, two main objectives were set. The first was to compare the outcomes of the lateral and medial UKA. It was revealed that the lateral UKA allowed the patients to obtain good function of the operated knee, with the best results among the compared groups on the Forgotten Joint Score. The second objective was to compare the results of the lateral UKA and TKA in the patients with type II Krackow knee valgus deformity. Here, our study revealed that the group of UKA (group I) compared to the TKA had better results according to Forgotten Joint Score (71.5±5.3 vs 65.2±7; p = 0.9) and had a slightly lower range of motion according to Oxford Knee Score (34.6±2.3 versus 35.9±2.2; p = 0.7). It is worth noting that in both cases the difference was not statistically significant. Conclusion. Despite the fact that the lateral UKA made it possible to achieve a good functional outcome, the integral score was the same as in the groups with the medial UKA and the total knee arthroplasty. The older patients were more satisfied with the results of the partial arthroplasty than with the results of the total