15 research outputs found
Rhubarb Supplementation Promotes Intestinal Mucosal Innate Immune Homeostasis through Modulating Intestinal Epithelial Microbiota in Goat Kids
The
abuse and misuse of antibiotics in livestock production pose
a potential health risk globally. Rhubarb can serve as a potential
alternative to antibiotics, and several studies have looked into its
anticancer, antitumor, and anti-inflammatory properties. The aim of
this study was to test the effects of rhubarb supplementation to the
diet of young ruminants on innate immune function and epithelial microbiota
in the small intestine. Goat kids were fed with a control diet supplemented
with or without rhubarb (1.25% DM) and were slaughtered at days 50
and 60 of age. Results showed that the supplementation of rhubarb
increased ileal villus height (<i>P</i> = 0.036), increased
jejujal and ileal anti-inflammatory <i>IL-10</i> production
(<i>P</i> < 0.05), increased jejunal and ileal <i>Claudin-1</i> expression at both mRNA and protein levels (<i>P</i> < 0.05), and decreased ileal pro-inflammatory <i>IL-1β</i> production (<i>P</i> < 0.05). These
changes in innate immune function were accompanied by shifts in ileal
epithelial bacterial ecosystem in favor of <i>Blautia</i>, <i>Clostridium</i>, <i>Lactobacillus</i>, and <i>Pseudomonas</i>, and with a decline in the relative abundance
of <i>Staphylococcus</i> (<i>P</i> < 0.001)
when rhubarb was supplemented. Additionally, age also affected (<i>P</i> < 0.05) crypt depth, cytokine production, <i>Claudin-1</i> expression and relative abundances of specific genera in epithelial
bacteria. Collectively, the supplementation of rhubarb could enhance
host mucosal innate immune homeostasis by modulating intestinal epithelial
microbiota during the early stages of animal development
Proteomic Analysis of Isolated Plasma Membrane Fractions from the Mammary Gland in Lactating Cows
The mammary gland of dairy cows is
a formidable lipid-synthesizing
machine for lactation. This unique function depends on the activities
of plasma membrane (PM) proteins in mammary cells. Little information
is known about the expression profiles of PM proteins and their functions
during the lactating process. This study investigated the proteome
map of PM fractions of mammary gland in lactating cows using 1D-Gel-LC-MS/MS
and identified 872 nonredundant proteins with 141 unknown proteins,
wherein 215 were PM-associated proteins. Most of the PM-associated
proteins were binding, transport, and catalytic proteins such as annexin
proteins, heat shock proteins, integrins, RAS oncogene family members,
and S100 calcium binding proteins. The PM-associated pathways such
as caveolae-mediated endocytosis, leukocyte extravasation, aldosterone
signaling in epithelial cells, and remodeling of epithelial adherens
junctions were also significantly over-represented. Proteomic analysis
revealed the characteristics and predicted functions of PM proteins
isolated from the lactating bovine mammary gland. These results further
provide experimental evidence for the presence of many proteins predicted
in the annotated bovine genome. The data generated here also provide
a reference for the PM-related functional research in the mammary
gland of lactating cows
Table_1_Tannic acid supplementation in the diet of Holstein bulls: Impacts on production performance, physiological and immunological characteristics, and ruminal microbiota.PDF
This study was conducted to evaluate the influences of supplementing tannic acid (TA) at different doses on the production performance, physiological and immunological characteristics, and rumen bacterial microbiome of cattle. Forty-eight Holstein bulls were randomly allocated to four dietary treatments: the control (CON, basal diet), the low-dose TA treatment [TAL, 0.3% dry matter (DM)], the mid-dose TA treatment (TAM, 0.9% DM), and the high-dose TA treatment (TAH, 2.7% DM). This trial consisted of 7 days for adaptation and 90 days for data and sample collection, and samples of blood and rumen fluid were collected on 37, 67, and 97 d, respectively. The average daily gain was unaffected (P > 0.05), whilst the ruminal NH3-N was significantly decreased (P < 0.01) by TA supplementation. The 0.3% TA addition lowered (P < 0.05) the levels of ruminal isobutyrate, valerate, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and tended to (P < 0.1) increase the gain to feed ratio. The digestibility of DM, organic matter (OM), and crude protein, and percentages of butyrate, isobutyrate, and valerate were lower (P < 0.05), while the acetate proportion and acetate to propionate ratio in both TAM and TAH were higher (P < 0.05) than the CON. Besides, the 0.9% TA inclusion lessened (P < 0.05) the concentrations of glucagon and TNF-α, but enhanced (P < 0.05) the interferon gamma (IFN-γ) level and Simpson index of ruminal bacteria. The 2.7% TA supplementation reduced (P < 0.05) the intake of DM and OM, and levels of malondialdehyde and thyroxine, while elevated (P < 0.05) the Shannon index of the rumen bacterial populations. Moreover, the relative abundances of the phyla Fibrobacteres and Lentisphaerae, the genera Fibrobacter and Bradyrhizobium, and the species Bradyrhizobium sp., Lachnospiraceae bacterium RM29, and Lachnospiraceae bacterium CG57 were highly significantly (q < 0.01) or significantly (q < 0.05) raised by adding 2.7% TA. Results suggested that the TA addition at 0.3% is more suitable for the cattle, based on the general comparison on the impacts of supplementing TA at different doses on all the measured parameters.</p
Table_2_Tannic acid supplementation in the diet of Holstein bulls: Impacts on production performance, physiological and immunological characteristics, and ruminal microbiota.PDF
This study was conducted to evaluate the influences of supplementing tannic acid (TA) at different doses on the production performance, physiological and immunological characteristics, and rumen bacterial microbiome of cattle. Forty-eight Holstein bulls were randomly allocated to four dietary treatments: the control (CON, basal diet), the low-dose TA treatment [TAL, 0.3% dry matter (DM)], the mid-dose TA treatment (TAM, 0.9% DM), and the high-dose TA treatment (TAH, 2.7% DM). This trial consisted of 7 days for adaptation and 90 days for data and sample collection, and samples of blood and rumen fluid were collected on 37, 67, and 97 d, respectively. The average daily gain was unaffected (P > 0.05), whilst the ruminal NH3-N was significantly decreased (P < 0.01) by TA supplementation. The 0.3% TA addition lowered (P < 0.05) the levels of ruminal isobutyrate, valerate, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and tended to (P < 0.1) increase the gain to feed ratio. The digestibility of DM, organic matter (OM), and crude protein, and percentages of butyrate, isobutyrate, and valerate were lower (P < 0.05), while the acetate proportion and acetate to propionate ratio in both TAM and TAH were higher (P < 0.05) than the CON. Besides, the 0.9% TA inclusion lessened (P < 0.05) the concentrations of glucagon and TNF-α, but enhanced (P < 0.05) the interferon gamma (IFN-γ) level and Simpson index of ruminal bacteria. The 2.7% TA supplementation reduced (P < 0.05) the intake of DM and OM, and levels of malondialdehyde and thyroxine, while elevated (P < 0.05) the Shannon index of the rumen bacterial populations. Moreover, the relative abundances of the phyla Fibrobacteres and Lentisphaerae, the genera Fibrobacter and Bradyrhizobium, and the species Bradyrhizobium sp., Lachnospiraceae bacterium RM29, and Lachnospiraceae bacterium CG57 were highly significantly (q < 0.01) or significantly (q < 0.05) raised by adding 2.7% TA. Results suggested that the TA addition at 0.3% is more suitable for the cattle, based on the general comparison on the impacts of supplementing TA at different doses on all the measured parameters.</p
Image_5_Tannic acid supplementation in the diet of Holstein bulls: Impacts on production performance, physiological and immunological characteristics, and ruminal microbiota.pdf
This study was conducted to evaluate the influences of supplementing tannic acid (TA) at different doses on the production performance, physiological and immunological characteristics, and rumen bacterial microbiome of cattle. Forty-eight Holstein bulls were randomly allocated to four dietary treatments: the control (CON, basal diet), the low-dose TA treatment [TAL, 0.3% dry matter (DM)], the mid-dose TA treatment (TAM, 0.9% DM), and the high-dose TA treatment (TAH, 2.7% DM). This trial consisted of 7 days for adaptation and 90 days for data and sample collection, and samples of blood and rumen fluid were collected on 37, 67, and 97 d, respectively. The average daily gain was unaffected (P > 0.05), whilst the ruminal NH3-N was significantly decreased (P < 0.01) by TA supplementation. The 0.3% TA addition lowered (P < 0.05) the levels of ruminal isobutyrate, valerate, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and tended to (P < 0.1) increase the gain to feed ratio. The digestibility of DM, organic matter (OM), and crude protein, and percentages of butyrate, isobutyrate, and valerate were lower (P < 0.05), while the acetate proportion and acetate to propionate ratio in both TAM and TAH were higher (P < 0.05) than the CON. Besides, the 0.9% TA inclusion lessened (P < 0.05) the concentrations of glucagon and TNF-α, but enhanced (P < 0.05) the interferon gamma (IFN-γ) level and Simpson index of ruminal bacteria. The 2.7% TA supplementation reduced (P < 0.05) the intake of DM and OM, and levels of malondialdehyde and thyroxine, while elevated (P < 0.05) the Shannon index of the rumen bacterial populations. Moreover, the relative abundances of the phyla Fibrobacteres and Lentisphaerae, the genera Fibrobacter and Bradyrhizobium, and the species Bradyrhizobium sp., Lachnospiraceae bacterium RM29, and Lachnospiraceae bacterium CG57 were highly significantly (q < 0.01) or significantly (q < 0.05) raised by adding 2.7% TA. Results suggested that the TA addition at 0.3% is more suitable for the cattle, based on the general comparison on the impacts of supplementing TA at different doses on all the measured parameters.</p
Image_3_Tannic acid supplementation in the diet of Holstein bulls: Impacts on production performance, physiological and immunological characteristics, and ruminal microbiota.pdf
This study was conducted to evaluate the influences of supplementing tannic acid (TA) at different doses on the production performance, physiological and immunological characteristics, and rumen bacterial microbiome of cattle. Forty-eight Holstein bulls were randomly allocated to four dietary treatments: the control (CON, basal diet), the low-dose TA treatment [TAL, 0.3% dry matter (DM)], the mid-dose TA treatment (TAM, 0.9% DM), and the high-dose TA treatment (TAH, 2.7% DM). This trial consisted of 7 days for adaptation and 90 days for data and sample collection, and samples of blood and rumen fluid were collected on 37, 67, and 97 d, respectively. The average daily gain was unaffected (P > 0.05), whilst the ruminal NH3-N was significantly decreased (P < 0.01) by TA supplementation. The 0.3% TA addition lowered (P < 0.05) the levels of ruminal isobutyrate, valerate, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and tended to (P < 0.1) increase the gain to feed ratio. The digestibility of DM, organic matter (OM), and crude protein, and percentages of butyrate, isobutyrate, and valerate were lower (P < 0.05), while the acetate proportion and acetate to propionate ratio in both TAM and TAH were higher (P < 0.05) than the CON. Besides, the 0.9% TA inclusion lessened (P < 0.05) the concentrations of glucagon and TNF-α, but enhanced (P < 0.05) the interferon gamma (IFN-γ) level and Simpson index of ruminal bacteria. The 2.7% TA supplementation reduced (P < 0.05) the intake of DM and OM, and levels of malondialdehyde and thyroxine, while elevated (P < 0.05) the Shannon index of the rumen bacterial populations. Moreover, the relative abundances of the phyla Fibrobacteres and Lentisphaerae, the genera Fibrobacter and Bradyrhizobium, and the species Bradyrhizobium sp., Lachnospiraceae bacterium RM29, and Lachnospiraceae bacterium CG57 were highly significantly (q < 0.01) or significantly (q < 0.05) raised by adding 2.7% TA. Results suggested that the TA addition at 0.3% is more suitable for the cattle, based on the general comparison on the impacts of supplementing TA at different doses on all the measured parameters.</p
Image_1_Tannic acid supplementation in the diet of Holstein bulls: Impacts on production performance, physiological and immunological characteristics, and ruminal microbiota.pdf
This study was conducted to evaluate the influences of supplementing tannic acid (TA) at different doses on the production performance, physiological and immunological characteristics, and rumen bacterial microbiome of cattle. Forty-eight Holstein bulls were randomly allocated to four dietary treatments: the control (CON, basal diet), the low-dose TA treatment [TAL, 0.3% dry matter (DM)], the mid-dose TA treatment (TAM, 0.9% DM), and the high-dose TA treatment (TAH, 2.7% DM). This trial consisted of 7 days for adaptation and 90 days for data and sample collection, and samples of blood and rumen fluid were collected on 37, 67, and 97 d, respectively. The average daily gain was unaffected (P > 0.05), whilst the ruminal NH3-N was significantly decreased (P < 0.01) by TA supplementation. The 0.3% TA addition lowered (P < 0.05) the levels of ruminal isobutyrate, valerate, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and tended to (P < 0.1) increase the gain to feed ratio. The digestibility of DM, organic matter (OM), and crude protein, and percentages of butyrate, isobutyrate, and valerate were lower (P < 0.05), while the acetate proportion and acetate to propionate ratio in both TAM and TAH were higher (P < 0.05) than the CON. Besides, the 0.9% TA inclusion lessened (P < 0.05) the concentrations of glucagon and TNF-α, but enhanced (P < 0.05) the interferon gamma (IFN-γ) level and Simpson index of ruminal bacteria. The 2.7% TA supplementation reduced (P < 0.05) the intake of DM and OM, and levels of malondialdehyde and thyroxine, while elevated (P < 0.05) the Shannon index of the rumen bacterial populations. Moreover, the relative abundances of the phyla Fibrobacteres and Lentisphaerae, the genera Fibrobacter and Bradyrhizobium, and the species Bradyrhizobium sp., Lachnospiraceae bacterium RM29, and Lachnospiraceae bacterium CG57 were highly significantly (q < 0.01) or significantly (q < 0.05) raised by adding 2.7% TA. Results suggested that the TA addition at 0.3% is more suitable for the cattle, based on the general comparison on the impacts of supplementing TA at different doses on all the measured parameters.</p
Image_4_Tannic acid supplementation in the diet of Holstein bulls: Impacts on production performance, physiological and immunological characteristics, and ruminal microbiota.pdf
This study was conducted to evaluate the influences of supplementing tannic acid (TA) at different doses on the production performance, physiological and immunological characteristics, and rumen bacterial microbiome of cattle. Forty-eight Holstein bulls were randomly allocated to four dietary treatments: the control (CON, basal diet), the low-dose TA treatment [TAL, 0.3% dry matter (DM)], the mid-dose TA treatment (TAM, 0.9% DM), and the high-dose TA treatment (TAH, 2.7% DM). This trial consisted of 7 days for adaptation and 90 days for data and sample collection, and samples of blood and rumen fluid were collected on 37, 67, and 97 d, respectively. The average daily gain was unaffected (P > 0.05), whilst the ruminal NH3-N was significantly decreased (P < 0.01) by TA supplementation. The 0.3% TA addition lowered (P < 0.05) the levels of ruminal isobutyrate, valerate, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and tended to (P < 0.1) increase the gain to feed ratio. The digestibility of DM, organic matter (OM), and crude protein, and percentages of butyrate, isobutyrate, and valerate were lower (P < 0.05), while the acetate proportion and acetate to propionate ratio in both TAM and TAH were higher (P < 0.05) than the CON. Besides, the 0.9% TA inclusion lessened (P < 0.05) the concentrations of glucagon and TNF-α, but enhanced (P < 0.05) the interferon gamma (IFN-γ) level and Simpson index of ruminal bacteria. The 2.7% TA supplementation reduced (P < 0.05) the intake of DM and OM, and levels of malondialdehyde and thyroxine, while elevated (P < 0.05) the Shannon index of the rumen bacterial populations. Moreover, the relative abundances of the phyla Fibrobacteres and Lentisphaerae, the genera Fibrobacter and Bradyrhizobium, and the species Bradyrhizobium sp., Lachnospiraceae bacterium RM29, and Lachnospiraceae bacterium CG57 were highly significantly (q < 0.01) or significantly (q < 0.05) raised by adding 2.7% TA. Results suggested that the TA addition at 0.3% is more suitable for the cattle, based on the general comparison on the impacts of supplementing TA at different doses on all the measured parameters.</p
Image_2_Tannic acid supplementation in the diet of Holstein bulls: Impacts on production performance, physiological and immunological characteristics, and ruminal microbiota.pdf
This study was conducted to evaluate the influences of supplementing tannic acid (TA) at different doses on the production performance, physiological and immunological characteristics, and rumen bacterial microbiome of cattle. Forty-eight Holstein bulls were randomly allocated to four dietary treatments: the control (CON, basal diet), the low-dose TA treatment [TAL, 0.3% dry matter (DM)], the mid-dose TA treatment (TAM, 0.9% DM), and the high-dose TA treatment (TAH, 2.7% DM). This trial consisted of 7 days for adaptation and 90 days for data and sample collection, and samples of blood and rumen fluid were collected on 37, 67, and 97 d, respectively. The average daily gain was unaffected (P > 0.05), whilst the ruminal NH3-N was significantly decreased (P < 0.01) by TA supplementation. The 0.3% TA addition lowered (P < 0.05) the levels of ruminal isobutyrate, valerate, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and tended to (P < 0.1) increase the gain to feed ratio. The digestibility of DM, organic matter (OM), and crude protein, and percentages of butyrate, isobutyrate, and valerate were lower (P < 0.05), while the acetate proportion and acetate to propionate ratio in both TAM and TAH were higher (P < 0.05) than the CON. Besides, the 0.9% TA inclusion lessened (P < 0.05) the concentrations of glucagon and TNF-α, but enhanced (P < 0.05) the interferon gamma (IFN-γ) level and Simpson index of ruminal bacteria. The 2.7% TA supplementation reduced (P < 0.05) the intake of DM and OM, and levels of malondialdehyde and thyroxine, while elevated (P < 0.05) the Shannon index of the rumen bacterial populations. Moreover, the relative abundances of the phyla Fibrobacteres and Lentisphaerae, the genera Fibrobacter and Bradyrhizobium, and the species Bradyrhizobium sp., Lachnospiraceae bacterium RM29, and Lachnospiraceae bacterium CG57 were highly significantly (q < 0.01) or significantly (q < 0.05) raised by adding 2.7% TA. Results suggested that the TA addition at 0.3% is more suitable for the cattle, based on the general comparison on the impacts of supplementing TA at different doses on all the measured parameters.</p
Effects of OA supplementation on VFAs concentrations of fermentation liquor <i>in vitro</i>.
<p>All values are mean ± SEM. <sup>a, b, c</sup> Means that are sharing different superscripts are different (<i>P</i> < 0.05) within the same incubation stage.</p