Effect of 20(R) ginsenoside Rg3 on protein expression of lung cancer cell line

Background and objective Lung cancer is the most dangerous threating tumor to human's health and life. Metastasis is not only the malignant characteristics of lung cancer, but also the chief cause of failure to cure the disease and of high mortality. Ginsenoside Rg3 has been proved to have obvious effect against tumor. The molecular mechanism of Rg3 against lung cancer cell line will be investigated by using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis in this paper. Methods The IC50 of Rg3 against human high-metastatic large cell lung cancer cell line 95D was determined by MTT. Then 95D cells were treated with Rg3 at the concentration of 0.1×IC50 for 72 h. The total proteins of 95D cell line treated with Rg3 and not treated were separated and protein profiles were obtained by using immobilized PH gradient (IPG)-based two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. The differential expression proteins of 95D cell line treated with Rg3 and not treated were analyzed using image analysis software.15 of differentially expressed proteins were further identified using MALDI-TOF MS/MS analysis and LC-MS/MS analysis. Protein identification was performed by searching the protein database. Results The IC50 of Rg3 against 95D cell line was 100 μg/mL. There were 27 differently expressed protein spots through analysis by Image Master Microsoft.15 proteins were identified using mass spectrometry. Chloride intracellular channel protein 1, Ubiquitin-Conjugating Enzyme E2-25 Kda only expressed in control; 14-3-3 protein teta, SKI-interacting protein only expressed in 95D cell line treated by Rg3; Annexin A2, profilin 2 isoform b were down-regulated in 95D cell line treated by Rg3; 14-3-3 protein zeta, Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4H were up-regulated in 95D cell line treated by Rg3. Conclusion A significantly different expression of proteins were found in 95D cell line treated with Rg3 and those not treated. Most of identified proteins have been reported to be associated with tumor metastasis. The identified proteins will provide the basis for searching potential biomarkers and the molecular mechanism of Rg3 against the metastasis of lung cancer cells

Regulation of Nutritional Metabolism in Transition Dairy Cows: Energy Homeostasis and Health in Response to Post-Ruminal Choline and Methionine.

This study investigated the effects of rumen-protected methionine (RPM) and rumen-protected choline (RPC) on energy balance, postpartum lactation performance, antioxidant capacity and immune response in transition dairy cows. Forty-eight multiparous transition cows were matched and divided into four groups: control, 15 g/d RPC, 15 g/d RPM or 15 g/d RPC + 15 g/d RPM. Diet samples were collected daily before feeding, and blood samples were collected weekly from the jugular vein before morning feeding from 21 days prepartum to 21 days postpartum. Postpartum dry matter intake (DMI) was increased by both additives (P < 0.05), and energy balance values in supplemented cows were improved after parturition (P < 0.05). Both RPC and RPM decreased the plasma concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA), total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (P < 0.05), but increased the plasma levels of glucose, very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and apolipoprotein B100 (ApoB 100, P < 0.05). The supplements improved milk production (P < 0.05), and increased (P < 0.05) or tended to increase (0.05 < P < 0.10) the contents of milk fat and protein. The post-ruminal choline and methionine elevated the blood antioxidant status, as indicated by total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity and the vitamin E concentration (P < 0.05), and reduced the plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) level (P < 0.05). Furthermore, RPM and RPC elevated the plasma interleukin 2 (IL-2) concentration and the CD4+/CD8+ T lymphocyte ratio in peripheral blood (P < 0.05). Alternatively, the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and IL-6 were decreased by RPM and RPC (P < 0.05). Overall, the regulatory responses of RPC and RPM were highly correlated with time and were more effective in the postpartum cows. The results demonstrated that dietary supplementation with RPC and RPM promoted energy balance by increasing postpartal DMI and regulating hepatic lipid metabolism, improved postpartum lactation performance and enhanced antioxidant capacity and immune function of transition dairy cows

Effects of fumaric acid supplementation on methane production and rumen fermentation in goats fed diets varying in forage and concentrate particle size

Abstract Background In rumen fermentation, fumaric acid (FA) could competitively utilize hydrogen with methanogenesis to enhance propionate production and suppress methane emission, but both effects were diet-dependent. This study aimed to explore the effects of FA supplementation on methanogenesis and rumen fermentation in goats fed diets varying in forage and concentrate particle size. Methods Four rumen-cannulated goats were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square design with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments: low or high ratio of forage particle size: concentrate particle size (Fps:Cps), without or with FA supplementation (24 g/d). Fps:Cps was higher in the diet with chopped alfalfa hay plus ground corn than in that with ground alfalfa hay plus crushed corn. Results Both increasing dietary Fps:Cps and FA supplementation shifted ruminal volatile fatty acid (VFA) patterns toward more propionate and less acetate in goats. An interaction between dietary Fps:Cps and FA supplementation was observed for the ratio of acetate to propionate (A:P), which was more predominant when FA was supplemented in the low-Fps:Cps diet. Methane production was reduced by FA, and the reduction was larger in the low-Fps:Cps diet (31.72%) than in the high-Fps:Cps diet (17.91%). Fumaric acid decreased ruminal total VFA concentration and increased ruminal pH. No difference was found in ruminal DM degradation of concentrate or alfalfa hay by dietary Fps:Cps or FA. Goats presented a lower ruminal methanogen abundance with FA supplementation and a higher B. fibrisolvens abundance with high dietary Fps:Cps. Conclusions Adjusting dietary Fps:Cps is an alternative dietary model for studying diet-dependent effects without changing dietary chemical composition. Fumaric acid supplementation in the low-Fps:Cps diet showed greater responses in methane mitigation and propionate increase

Successful treatment of posttraumatic phlegmasia cerulea dolens by reconstructing the external iliac vein: a case report

INTRODUCTION: Phlegmasia cerulea dolens is a rare condition caused by complete venous occlusion leading to impaired arterial flow. To prevent progression to limb gangrene, prompt diagnosis and treatment initiation are paramount. Here we report a rare case of posttraumatic phlegmasia cerulea dolens after ligation of the iliac vein to save the patient's life, with successful treatment by reconstructing the external iliac vein. This is the first report of posttraumatic phlegmasia cerulea dolens induced by iliac vein ligation. CASE PRESENTATION: A 49-year-old Chinese man was admitted to a local hospital for severe knife trauma with massive intraperitoneal bleeding. During exploratory laparotomy, he was diagnosed with traumatic rupture of his left external iliac vein without injury to the iliac artery. The proximal and distal parts of his injured external iliac vein were ligated to control the bleeding and rescue him, but his left leg quickly became severe swollen, cyanotic and pulseless. He was diagnosed with posttraumatic phlegmasia cerulea dolens after being transferred to our university hospital. After a retrievable filter was placed in his inferior vena cava via his right femoral vein, he underwent reopening of his abdomen followed by successful surgical reconstruction of his left iliac vein. He was treated with anticoagulation therapy postoperatively and his signs and symptoms improved markedly. He was discharged in a stable condition, with nearly full resolution of symptoms, 35 days after the operation. CONCLUSIONS: Our case demonstrates that ligation of an injured iliac vein may induce phlegmasia cerulea dolens in a posttraumatic scenario; prompt reconstruction of the iliac vein to restore the venous drainage is an effective treatment for phlegmasia cerulea dolens with impending gangrene

MOESM1 of Nitrate decreases methane production also by increasing methane oxidation through stimulating NC10 population in ruminal culture

Additional file 1. Unpublished sequencing data

The Combined Use of Medium- and Short-Chain Fatty Acids Improves the Pregnancy Outcomes of Sows by Enhancing Ovarian Steroidogenesis and Endometrial Receptivity

Fatty acids play important roles in maintaining ovarian steroidogenesis and endometrial receptivity. Porcine primary ovarian granulosa cells (PGCs) and endometrial epithelial cells (PEECs) were treated with or without medium- and short-chain fatty acids (MSFAs) for 24 h. The mRNA abundance of genes was detected by fluorescence quantitative PCR. The hormone levels in the PGCs supernatant and the rate of adhesion of porcine trophoblast cells (pTrs) to PEECs were measured. Sows were fed diets with or without MSFAs supplementation during early gestation. The fecal and vaginal microbiomes were identified using 16S sequencing. Reproductive performance was recorded at parturition. MSFAs increased the mRNA abundance of genes involved in steroidogenesis, luteinization in PGCs and endometrial receptivity in PEECs (p &lt; 0.05). The estrogen level in the PGC supernatant and the rate of adhesion increased (p &lt; 0.05). Dietary supplementation with MSFAs increased serum estrogen levels and the total number of live piglets per litter (p &lt; 0.01). Moreover, MSFAs reduced the fecal Trueperella abundance and vaginal Escherichia-Shigella and Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 abundance. These data revealed that MSFAs improved pregnancy outcomes in sows by enhancing ovarian steroidogenesis and endometrial receptivity while limiting the abundance of several intestinal and vaginal pathogens at early stages of pregnancy

Plasma concentrations of total cholesterol (TC), very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and apolipoprotein B100 (ApoB 100) in response to dietary supplementation of rumen-protected choline (T_C), rumen-protected methionine (T_M) or both (T_CM) during periods of prepartum, calving day and postpartum in transition dairy cows.

<p>^{a, b, c} Values with different superscript letters at the same time point are significantly different (<i>P</i> < 0.05).</p

Plasma total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and levels of malonaldehyde (MDA) and vitamin E in response to dietary supplementation of rumen-protected choline (T_C), rumen-protected methionine (T_M) or both (T_CM) during periods of prepartum, calving day and postpartum in transition dairy cows.

<p>^{a, b, c} Values with different superscript letters at the same time point are significantly different (<i>P</i> < 0.05).</p

Dynamic effects of dietary RPC and RPM supplementation on the intakes of dry matter, net energy for lactation and metabolizable protein in transition dairy cows.

<p>^{a, b} Values with different superscript letters at the same time point are significantly different (<i>P</i> < 0.05).</p

Plasma concentrations of total bilirubin (TBIL), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and urea nitrogen in response to dietary supplementation of rumen-protected choline (T_C), rumen-protected methionine (T_M) or both (T_CM) during periods of prepartum, calving day and postpartum in transition dairy cows.

<p>^{a, b, c} Values with different superscript letters at the same time point are significantly different (<i>P</i> < 0.05).</p