Research progress on the mechanisms of microglia in retinal angiogenesis

As resident immune cells of the retina, retinal microglia constantly monitor the changes of their surroundings and maintain homeostasis through signal transduction with other retinal cells. Retinal microglia play a crucial role not only in the development and physiological processes of the retinal vascular system, but also in pathological neovascularization. In certain retinopathies, activated microglia can stimulate abnormal angiogenesis through neurovascular coupling, leading to irreversible damage. However, the exact mechanisms underlying this process are still unclear. In this review, a brief overview of the relationship between microglia and retinal neovascularization was provided, and the involved cellular and molecular signaling mechanisms were reviewed, aiming to offer new and effective strategies for the prevention and treatment of retinal neovascularization diseases

VivaSight™ single-lumen tube guided bronchial blocker placement for one-lung ventilation in a patient with a tracheal tumor under video-assisted transthoracic surgery: a case report

Abstract Background Video-assisted transthoracic surgery (VATS) is a minimally invasive procedure that has been reported as a valid method for tracheal resection and reconstruction. However, for patients with tracheal tumors, one-lung ventilation during VATS is difficult to achieve, and utilizing a double-lumen tube is not applicable in these types of situations. When using a bronchial blocker, a fiberoptic bronchoscope is required to verify the position of bronchial blocker, though the repeated use of the fiberoptic bronchoscope increases the risk of tumor rupture and hemorrhage. Case presentation We report a case with a middle tracheal tumor received tracheal resection and reconstruction under VATS, in which VivaSight™ single-lumen tube guided bronchial blocker placement was used for achieving one-lung ventilation. The VivaSight™ single-lumen tube can provide real-time and continuous monitoring of the position of bronchial blocker. Moreover, it does not require the aid of fiberoptic bronchoscopy. Conclusions VivaSight™ single-lumen tube combined with a bronchial blocker is a feasible choice for one-lung ventilation in this type of surgery

UEFI-based Research on the Inner Operation Mechanism and Characteristics of Firmware Vulnerabilities in Key Devices of Electric Power Monitoring Systems

With the large number of computer technology and modern communication technology used in power monitoring systems, its security protection is constantly facing new challenges. The UEFI firmware is used to construct the physical connection structure of key devices in the power monitoring system in this paper. Using fuzzy testing methods to mine the vulnerabilities existing in the power monitoring system by generating a large number of variant test cases as the monitoring object, based on the collection of information of the basic blocks covered during the test run of the vulnerability seed to determine the target point to which the seed belongs. The coverage weight of the seed is determined with the help of the simulated annealing algorithm in order to accomplish task division of the target point. The fuzzy test method is used to analyze the operation mechanism and characteristics of the vulnerabilities in the power monitoring system, and the firmware attack mechanism of different HOOKs under UEFI is explored to summarize the characteristics of the scenarios in which the vulnerabilities appear in the power system as well as their impacts. The results show that the impact caused by vulnerabilities in the power monitoring system on the generation side and transmission side is mainly to damage the integrity and availability of information, the integrity and availability of the vulnerabilities in the generation side of the production side of the device with a risk rating of 63.74, 71.73, respectively, and the vulnerabilities in the transmission side of the SCADA with a risk rating of 79.04, 69.36, respectively. The vulnerabilities detected 608 security vulnerabilities were implanted in the UEF module, and 653 possible security problems were reported by the detection, of which the statistical underreporting rate was 1.48% and the false alarm rate was 9.05%

Upregulation of Cdh1 Attenuates Isoflurane-Induced Neuronal Apoptosis and Long-Term Cognitive Impairments in Developing Rats

Neonatal exposure to isoflurane can result in neuroapoptosis and persistent cognitive impairments. However, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) and its co-activator Cdh1 are E3 ubiquitin ligases that play important roles in the central nervous system, including in the regulation of neuronal survival, synaptic development, and mammalian learning and memory. However, whether APC/C-Cdh1 is involved in isoflurane-induced neurotoxicity in developing rats remains unclear. In this study, postnatal day-7 (P7) rat pups and primary hippocampal neurons were exposed to 2% isoflurane for 6 h. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining was used to detect neuronal apoptosis, and the expression of proteins involved in apoptosis (cleaved caspase-3, Bax and Bcl-2) was assessed by western blot. The level of Cdh1 in the hippocampus was downregulated during isoflurane-induced neuroapoptosis. Cdh1-encoding lentivirus was transfected before isoflurane-treatment to increase the level of Cdh1. Our results showed that Cdh1 overexpression by a recombinant Cdh1-encoding lentivirus reduced isoflurane-induced neuronal apoptosis. Moreover, bilateral intra-hippocampal injection with Cdh1-encoding lentivirus attenuated long-term cognitive deficits after exposure to isoflurane in developing rats. Our study indicates that Cdh1 is an important target to prevent isoflurane-induced developmental neurotoxicity