Influence of compositional complexity on interdiffusion in Ni-containing concentrated solid-solution alloys

<p>To investigate the compositional effects on thermal-diffusion kinetics in concentrated solid-solution alloys, interdiffusion in seven diffusion couples with alloys from binary to quinary is systematically studied. The alloys with higher compositional complexity exhibit in general lower diffusion coefficients against homologous temperature, however, an exception is found that diffusion in NiCoFeCrPd is faster than in NiCoFeCr and NiCoCr. While the derived diffusion parameters suggest that diffusion in medium and high entropy alloys is overall more retarded than in pure metals and binary alloys, they strongly depend on specific constituents. The comparative features are captured by computational thermodynamics approaches using a self-consistent database.</p> <p>This work experimentally demonstrates that thermal-diffusion kinetics in concentrated solid-solution alloys depends not only on the number but also strongly on the species of the alloying elements.</p

Characteristic Length of the Glass Transition in Isochorically Confined Polymer Glasses

We report the effect of isochoric confinement on the characteristic length of the glass transition (ξ_α) for polystyrene (PS) and poly­(4-methylstyrene) (P4MS). Utilizing silica-capped PS and P4MS nanoparticles as model systems, ξ_α values are determined from the thermal fluctuation model and calorimetric data. With decreasing nanoparticle diameter, ξ_α decreases, suggesting a reduction in the number of segmental units required for cooperative motion at the glass transition under confinement. Furthermore, a direct correlation is observed between ξ_α and the isochoric fragility (<i>m</i>_v) in confined polymers. Due to a nearly constant ratio of the isochoric to isobaric fragility in confined polymer nanoparticles, a correlation between ξ_α and <i>m</i>_v also implies a correlation between ξ_α and the volume contribution to the temperature dependence of structural relaxation. Lastly, we observe that when the fragility and characteristic length are varied in the same system the relationship between the two properties appears to be more correlated than that of across different bulk glass-formers

DataSheet_1_Cost-Effectiveness of Pembrolizumab for the treatment of Non–Small-Cell lung cancer: A systematic review.doc

IntroductionPembrolizumab, an immune checkpoint inhibitor for treating non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), can impose a high financial burden. Several studies have explored the cost-effectiveness of this expensive agent. We conducted a systematic review and pooled analysis to evaluate the quality of the existing pharmacoeconomic studies on pembrolizumab strategies for NSCLC treatment as well as to conclude the cost-effectiveness of such strategies.MethodsEnglish and Chinese databases were searched to collect health economic studies on pembrolizumab therapies (monotherapy or a combination with chemotherapy) compared with chemotherapy for the treatment of NSCLC patients. The reporting quality, modeling methods, and results of incremental cost-effectiveness analysis of the included literature were descriptively analyzed.ResultsA total of 24 studies, 3 in Chinese and 21 in English, were selected. All reports satisfy a median of 31 out of 40 reporting quality assessment items based on a quality checklist for pharmacoeconomic evaluations. 12 studies used the Markov model and 11 used the partitioned survival model. A common problem identified in the modeling methods was the insufficient justification of the choices of model structure and data inputs. Pembrolizumab was found to be cost-effective in the United States and Switzerland, but not in China, France, the UK, or Singapore.ConclusionThe current cost-effectiveness studies on pembrolizumab for the treatment of NSCLC are of moderate quality, and the relevant decision-analytic modeling methods have much scope for improvement. The cost-effectiveness of pembrolizumab strategies for NSCLC varies across countries, warranting the need to pay more attention to the methodologies of pharmacoeconomic research in order to produce correct outcomes in terms of cost-effectiveness for different countries.Systematic Review Registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier CRD42021250480</p

Using Scanning-Probe Block Copolymer Lithography and Electron Microscopy To Track Shape Evolution in Multimetallic Nanoclusters

Here we describe a general method for synthesizing multimetallic core–shell nanoclusters on surfaces. By patterning seeds at predesignated locations using scanning-probe block copolymer lithography, we can track shape evolution in nanoclusters and elucidate their growth pathways using electron microscopy. The growth of core–shell nanostructures on surface-bound seeds is a highly anisotropic process and often results in multimetallic anisotropic nanostructures. The shell grows at specific edge and corner sites of the patterned seeds and propagates predominately from the top hemisphere of the seeds

Coefficients.

<p>Coefficients.</p

Secondary study outcomes.

<p>Secondary study outcomes.</p

Trial flow chart.

<p>Trial flow chart.</p

Interventions by clinical pharmacists.

<p>Interventions by clinical pharmacists.</p

LOS in the two groups.

<p>LOS in the two groups.</p

Cost of drugs and hospitalization in the two groups.

<p>Cost of drugs and hospitalization in the two groups.</p