Dispersion of elastic waves in laminated glass

Elastic sandwich-type structures with high-contrast material and geometrical properties have numerous applications in modern engineering, including, in particular, laminated glass, photovoltaic panels, precipitator plates in gas filters, etc. Multi-parametric modelling of such structures assumes taking into consideration various types of contrast in stiffness, density and thickness. The present contribution is concerned with analysis of low-frequency dispersion of elastic waves in case of an antisymmetric motion of a three-layered symmetric plate, modelling laminated glass. The conditions on material and geometrical parameters, leading to the lowest non-zero thickness shear resonance frequency tending to zero, are formulated. In this case the dispersion relation possesses two low-frequency modes instead of a single fundamental low-frequency mode, which is typical for a homogeneous plate. A two-mode uniform asymptotic approximation is constructed, along with local approximations for the fundamental mode and the first shear harmonic

Comparison of genomes and proteomes of four whole genome-sequenced <i>Campylobacter jejuni</i> from different phylogenetic backgrounds

<div><p>Whole genome sequencing (WGS) has been used to assess the phylogenetic relationships, virulence and metabolic differences, and the relationship between gene carriage and host or niche differentiation among populations of <i>C</i>. <i>jejuni</i> isolates. We previously characterized the presence and expression of CJIE4 prophage proteins in four <i>C</i>. <i>jejuni</i> isolates using WGS and comparative proteomics analysis, but the isolates were not assessed further. In this study we compare the closed, finished genome sequences of these isolates to the total proteome. Genomes of the four isolates differ in phage content and location, plasmid content, capsular polysaccharide biosynthesis loci, a type VI secretion system, orientation of the ~92 kb invertible element, and allelic differences. Proteins with 99% sequence identity can be differentiated using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) comparative proteomic methods. GO enrichment analysis and the type of artefacts produced in comparative proteomic analysis depend on whether proteins are encoded in only one isolate or common to all isolates, whether different isolates have different alleles of the proteins analyzed, whether conserved and variable regions are both present in the protein group analyzed, and on how the analysis is done. Several proteins encoded by genes with very high levels of sequence identity in all four isolates exhibited preferentially higher protein expression in only one of the four isolates, suggesting differential regulation among the isolates. It is possible to analyze comparative protein expression in more distantly related isolates in the context of WGS data, though the results are more complex to interpret than when isolates are clonal or very closely related. Comparative proteomic analysis produced log₂ fold expression data suggestive of regulatory differences among isolates, indicating that it may be useful as a hypothesis generation exercise to identify regulated proteins and regulatory pathways for more detailed analysis.</p></div

Summary data for the 4 complete sequenced isolates and genomes.

<p>Summary data for the 4 complete sequenced isolates and genomes.</p

Detection of proteins from each of the four isolates.

<p>A. Heat map comparing relative log₂ fold change values of proteins for each isolate using 00–0949 as the reference. Only exclusive peptides were used for analysis in Scaffold. The scale bar shows the relationship of color to log₂ fold change values. Labels to the right of each lane identify the isolate and experimental replicate associated with that lane. B. PCA comparing the first two components when only exclusive peptides were used for analysis in Scaffold. C. Heat map comparing relative log₂ fold change values of proteins for each isolate using 00–0949 as the reference when non-exclusive peptides were included in the Scaffold analysis. D. PCA comparing the first two components when non-exclusive peptides were included in the Scaffold analysis.</p

UpSet plots summarizing differential protein expression analysis for the four isolates.

<p>The horizontal bar graph at the bottom left of each figure shows the total number of proteins with differences in log₂ fold change expression for each pair of isolates. Joined black circles to the right of these bar graphs indicate that the same differentially expressed proteins were common to the pairwise isolate comparisons shown at left. The vertical bar graph at the top quantitates the number of proteins with similar log₂ fold change expression differences in the isolate comparisons. A. Results obtained using only exclusive peptides in the Scaffold pair-wise differential expression analyses. B. Results obtained when non-exclusive peptides were included in the Scaffold pair-wise differential expression analyses. Note the difference in scale between the two bar graphs.</p

Comparison of <i>C</i>. <i>jejuni</i> isolate pangenome comparison.

<p>The BLAST atlas was obtained using GView Server [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0190836#pone.0190836.ref043" target="_blank">43</a>] and further annotated using Adobe Illustrator.</p

Total enriched and depleted GO categories in comparisons between isolates when analysis includes non-exclusive peptides.

<p>Total enriched and depleted GO categories in comparisons between isolates when analysis includes non-exclusive peptides.</p

Distribution in genomes and expression of unique chromosomal genes of the 4 isolates.

<p>Distribution in genomes and expression of unique chromosomal genes of the 4 isolates.</p

The most highly enriched and depleted GO categories in comparisons between isolates when analysis includes only exclusive peptides.

<p>The most highly enriched and depleted GO categories in comparisons between isolates when analysis includes only exclusive peptides.</p

Comparison of the number of high quality SNVs between 145 <i>S</i>. Heidelberg sporadic and outbreak isolates using a draft, closed and distantly related reference genomes.

<p>Comparison of the number of high quality SNVs between 145 <i>S</i>. Heidelberg sporadic and outbreak isolates using a draft, closed and distantly related reference genomes.</p