The magnitude of the non-adiabatic pressure in the cosmic fluid

Understanding the non-adiabatic pressure, or relative entropy, perturbation is crucial for studies of early-universe vorticity and Cosmic Microwave Background observations. We calculate the evolution of the linear non-adiabatic pressure perturbation from radiation domination to late times, numerically solving the linear governing equations for a wide range of wavenumbers. Using adiabatic initial conditions consistent with WMAP seven year data, we find nevertheless that the non-adiabatic pressure perturbation is non-zero and grows at early times, peaking around the epoch of matter/radiation equality and decaying in matter domination. At early times or large redshifts (z=10,000) its power spectrum peaks at a comoving wavenumber k~0.2h/Mpc, while at late times (z=500) it peaks at k~0.02 h/Mpc.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures. Replaced with version accepted by MNRAS. One figure removed, added some discussio

Inpatient Physical therapy Management of Patient with Post-Operative Quadriparesis Following Posterior Cervical Lamenectomy and Fusion: A Case Report

Background and Purpose: Spinal hemangioblastoma are benign tumors that compress the surface of the spinal cord. Surgical resection of the hemangioblastoma with a posterior cervical laminectomy and fusion technique is one treatment option. This form of treatment can lead to poor outcomes such as post-operative quadriparesis although rare. The following case study depicts physical therapy interventions use to treat a patient with post-operative quadriparesis for posterior laminectomy and fusion of C6-T2. Case Description: The patient was a 77-year-old female with complex past medical history and multiple comorbidities. She received inpatient physical therapy for 31 days before transferring to a skilled nursing facility. Interventions: Physical therapy interventions included traditional lower extremity strengthening exercises, gait training, and functional task training. Outcomes: The patient made improvements towards her goals and demonstrated reduced dependence with the use of adaptative equipment. However, she was unable to achieve her main goal to return to her prior level of function and previous living environment. Discussion: The patient made advancements during her inpatient physical therapy treatments but was unable to regain functional independence during her stay. She also reported improved quality of life on the outcome measures. However, further research is needed for a better ix understanding of effective treatment interventions and favorable outcomes with this patient population

A Study of Democratic Pupil-Teacher Planning in Physical Education

Tho purpose of U*t* study was to detertsine tho effectiveness of using d.amo«J*atto teaching isothods In achieving physical education aims and objective® i si tho high school level. for the basis of evaluation in this study, experimental and control groups wore selected. he experimental group was taught under a democratic environment while the control group was taught in the traditional physical eduer. ;ion raarmer. The democratic teaching methods employed in this investigation allowed tor pupil-teacher planning in the selection of aims and objectives, clave activities, and the methods of choosing squads and squad leaders. The duration of the study was for one school year. Fre~ and post-tests of knowledge, motor skills, and fitness were used for both groups. An evaluation checklist of outcomes was administered at the time of the second testing* At the beginning of the study, initial testing showed both groups to be oca sparable In ability as indicated by the knowledge and motor skills tests. The control group scored significantly higher on the fitness test. At the conclusion of the study the experimental group had improved si^yiifi- eoatlif In all tests at the .Ui level of confidence. ’The control group improved significantly on the motor skills test, but not on the knowledge and fitness tests. Essulta of ths eoaperlscns between grouts indicated that the experlawr* feel groups had scored significantly higher than the control group in all areas of mefceureiaenfc, including the evaluation checklist of outcomes

Studies on the Commercial Preparation of Chlorates

Sodium bicarbonate may be obtained very cheaply from the base of the Solvay tower, after the removal of the ammonium chloride. This process seeks to utilize the bicarbonate by treating it with chlorine to form sodium chlorate. The reaction between chlorine and sodium bi-carbonate at the proper temperature forms sodium chlorate and sodium chloride. The chlorate is recovered from the liquor by virtue of the difference in solubility between sodium chlorate and sodium chloride in the hot and cold. The salt and carbon dioxide are again used in the soda process

The Captive Medical Malpractice Insurance Company Alternative

Health care providers, driven by skyrocketing premiums, are seeking alternatives to conventional medical malpractice insurance. Captive malpractice insurance companies are an increasingly popular choice, but providers should consider tax, regulatory, and other consequences before adopting this option

A National Dialogue on Health Information Technology and Privacy

Increasingly, government leaders recognize that solving the complex problems facing America today will require more than simply keeping citizens informed. Meeting challenges like rising health care costs, climate change and energy independence requires increased level of collaboration. Traditionally, government agencies have operated in silos -- separated not only from citizens, but from each other, as well. Nevertheless, some have begun to reach across and outside of government to access the collective brainpower of organizations, stakeholders and individuals.The National Dialogue on Health Information Technology and Privacy was one such initiative. It was conceived by leaders in government who sought to demonstrate that it is not only possible, but beneficial and economical, to engage openly and broadly on an issue that is both national in scope and deeply relevant to the everyday lives of citizens. The results of this first-of-its-kind online event are captured in this report, together with important lessons learned along the way.This report served as a call to action. On his first full day in office, President Obama put government on notice that this new, more collaborative model can no longer be confined to the efforts of early adopters. He called upon every executive department and agency to "harness new technology" and make government "transparent, participatory, and collaborative." Government is quickly transitioning to a new generation of managers and leaders, for whom online collaboration is not a new frontier but a fact of everyday life. We owe it to them -- and the citizens we serve -- to recognize and embrace the myriad tools available to fulfill the promise of good government in the 21st Century.Key FindingsThe Panel recommended that the Administration give stakeholders the opportunity to further participate in the discussion of heath IT and privacy through broader outreach and by helping the public to understand the value of a person-centered view of healthcare information technology

Estimating the amount of vorticity generated by cosmological perturbations in the early universe

We estimate the amount of vorticity generated at second order in cosmological perturbation theory from the coupling between first order energy density and non-adiabatic pressure, or entropy, perturbations. Assuming power law input spectra for the source terms, and working in a radiation background, we calculate the wave number dependence of the vorticity power spectrum and its amplitude. We show that the vorticity generated by this mechanism is non-negligible on small scales, and hence should be taken into consideration in current and future CMB experiments.Comment: 9 pages, revtex4, 1 figure; v2: typos and minor error corrected, result unchange