1 research outputs found
Integrating <i>in Silico</i> and <i>in Vitro</i> Approaches To Predict Drug Accessibility to the Central Nervous System
Estimation
of uptake across the blood–brain barrier (BBB)
is key to designing central nervous system (CNS) therapeutics. <i>In silico</i> approaches ranging from physicochemical rules
to quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) models
are utilized to predict potential for CNS penetration of new chemical
entities. However, there are still gaps in our knowledge of (1) the
relationship between marketed human drug derived CNS-accessible chemical
space and preclinical neuropharmacokinetic (neuroPK) data, (2) interpretability
of the selected physicochemical descriptors, and (3) correlation of
the <i>in vitro</i> human P-glycoprotein (P-gp) efflux ratio
(ER) and <i>in vivo</i> rodent unbound brain-to-blood ratio
(<i>K</i><sub>p,uu</sub>), as these are assays routinely
used to predict clinical CNS exposure, during drug discovery. To close
these gaps, we explored the CNS druglike property boundaries of 920
market oral drugs (315 CNS and 605 non-CNS) and 846 compounds (54
CNS drugs and 792 proprietary GlaxoSmithKline compounds) with available
rat <i>K</i><sub>p,uu</sub> data. The exact permeability
coefficient (<i>P</i><sub>exact</sub>) and P-gp ER were
determined for 176 compounds from the rat <i>K</i><sub>p,uu</sub> data set. Receiver operating characteristic curves were performed
to evaluate the predictive power of human P-gp ER for rat <i>K</i><sub>p,uu</sub>. Our data demonstrates that simple physicochemical
rules (most acidic p<i>K</i><sub>a</sub> ≥ 9.5 and
TPSA < 100) in combination with P-gp ER < 1.5 provide mechanistic
insights for filtering BBB permeable compounds. For comparison, six
classification modeling methods were investigated using multiple sets
of <i>in silico</i> molecular descriptors. We present a
random forest model with excellent predictive power (∼0.75
overall accuracy) using the rat neuroPK data set. We also observed
good concordance between the structural interpretation results and
physicochemical descriptor importance from the <i>K</i><sub>p,uu</sub> classification QSAR model. In summary, we propose a novel,
hybrid <i>in silico</i>/<i>in vitro</i> approach
and an <i>in silico</i> screening model for the effective
development of chemical series with the potential to achieve optimal
CNS exposure