The Effects of Recruitment Message Specificity on Applicant Attraction to Organizations

We used the elaboration likelihood model from marketing research to explain and examine how recruitment message specificity influences job seeker attraction to organizations. Using an experimental design and data from 171 college-level job seekers, the results showed that detailed recruitment messages led to enhanced perceptions of organization attributes and person-organization fit. Perceptions of fit were found to mediate the relationship between message specificity and intention to apply to the organization. In addition, perceptions of organization attributes and person-organization fit were found to influence intentions to apply under circumstances of explicit recruitment information while attractiveness and fit perceptions were shown to influence application intentions under conditions of implicit recruitment information. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed

Changing an Unfavorable Employment Reputation: A Longitudinal Examination

Although a favorable employment reputation plays an important role in generating a large and qualified pool of job applicants for an organization (Rynes & Cable, 2003), little research has investigated whether organizations can improve applicants’ existing unfavorable employment reputation perceptions. Results from a four-week longitudinal experiment using 222 student job seekers revealed that participants’ employment reputation perceptions improved after exposure to recruitment practices and followed diminishing returns trajectories over time. High information recruitment practices (e.g., personal communication from a recruiter) from both single and multiple sources were more effective for changing unfavorable employment reputation perceptions than repeated mere exposure to the organization (i.e., exposure to only the company logo), and high information practices from multiple sources were the most effective overall. Finally, participants reporting less familiarity with the organization experienced greater reputation change across the four weeks, but only for participants in the mere exposure condition

Momentum Flow Correlations from Event Shapes: Factorized Soft Gluons and Soft-Collinear Effective Theory

The distributions of two-jet event shapes contain information on hadronization in QCD. Near the two-jet limit, these distributions can be described by convolutions of nonperturbative event shape functions with the same distributions calculated in resummed perturbation theory. The shape functions, in turn, are determined by correlations of momentum flow operators with each other and with light-like Wilson lines, which describe the coupling of soft, wide-angle radiation to jets. We observe that leading power corrections to the mean values of event shapes are determined by the correlation of a single momentum flow operator with the relevant Wilson lines. This generalizes arguments for the universality of leading power corrections based on the low-scale behavior of the running coupling or resummation. We also show how a study of the angularity event shapes can provide information on correlations involving multiple momentum flow operators, giving a window to the system of QCD dynamics that underlies the variety of event shape functions. In deriving these results, we review, develop and compare factorization techniques in conventional perturbative QCD and soft-collinear effective theory (SCET). We give special emphasis to the elimination of double counting of momentum regions in these two formalisms.Comment: 25 pages revtex

Automation of a Positron-emission Tomography (PET) Radiotracer Synthesis Protocol for Clinical Production.

The development of new positron-emission tomography (PET) tracers is enabling researchers and clinicians to image an increasingly wide array of biological targets and processes. However, the increasing number of different tracers creates challenges for their production at radiopharmacies. While historically it has been practical to dedicate a custom-configured radiosynthesizer and hot cell for the repeated production of each individual tracer, it is becoming necessary to change this workflow. Recent commercial radiosynthesizers based on disposable cassettes/kits for each tracer simplify the production of multiple tracers with one set of equipment by eliminating the need for custom tracer-specific modifications. Furthermore, some of these radiosynthesizers enable the operator to develop and optimize their own synthesis protocols in addition to purchasing commercially-available kits. In this protocol, we describe the general procedure for how the manual synthesis of a new PET tracer can be automated on one of these radiosynthesizers and validated for the production of clinical-grade tracers. As an example, we use the ELIXYS radiosynthesizer, a flexible cassette-based radiochemistry tool that can support both PET tracer development efforts, as well as routine clinical probe manufacturing on the same system, to produce [18F]Clofarabine ([18F]CFA), a PET tracer to measure in vivo deoxycytidine kinase (dCK) enzyme activity. Translating a manual synthesis involves breaking down the synthetic protocol into basic radiochemistry processes that are then translated into intuitive chemistry "unit operations" supported by the synthesizer software. These operations can then rapidly be converted into an automated synthesis program by assembling them using the drag-and-drop interface. After basic testing, the synthesis and purification procedure may require optimization to achieve the desired yield and purity. Once the desired performance is achieved, a validation of the synthesis is carried out to determine its suitability for the production of the radiotracer for clinical use

Tracking Murine Gammaherpesvirus 68 Infection of Germinal Center B Cells In Vivo

Infection of mice with murine gammaherpesvirus 68 (MHV68) provides a tractable small animal model to study various aspects of persistent gammaherpesvirus infection. We have previously utilized a transgenic MHV68 that expresses enhanced yellow fluorescent protein (EYFP) to identify infected cells. While this recombinant MHV68 has been useful for identifying infected cell populations by flow cytometry, it has been suboptimal for identification of infected cells in tissue sections due to the high solubility of EYFP. Efficient detection of EYFP expressed from the MHV68 genome in tissue sections requires fixation of whole organs prior to sectioning, which frequently leads to over-fixation of some cellular antigens precluding their detection. To circumvent this issue, we describe the generation and characterization of a transgenic MHV68 harboring a fusion gene composed of the EYFP coding sequence fused to the histone H2B open reading frame. Because the H2bYFP fusion protein is tightly bound in nucleosomes in the nucleus it does not freely diffuse out of unfixed tissue sections, and thus eliminates the need for tissue fixation. We have used the MHV68-H2bYFP recombinant virus to assess the location and distribution of virus infected B cells in germinal centers during the peak of MHV68 latency in vivo. These analyses show that the physical location of distinct populations of infected germinal center B cells correlates well with their surface phenotype. Furthermore, analysis of the distribution of virus infection within germinal center B cell populations revealed that ca. 70% of MHV68 infected GC B cells are rapidly dividing centroblasts, while ca. 20% have a clear centrocyte phenotype. Finally, we have shown that marking of infected cells with MHV68-H2bYFP is extended long after the onset of latency – which should facilitate studies to track MHV68 latently infected cells at late times post-infection

Organizational Recruitment: Enhancing the Intersection of Research and Practice

[Excerpt] How have recruitment practices changed in response to the tight labor market pressures? A few brief examples will suffice for the present. Cisco Systems, a rapidly growing California-based networking firm, has replaced virtually all of its prior recruitment advertising (for example, newspaper, radio, etc.) with the Internet-based recruiting programs that are specially targeted to the desired applicant population. Based on their own market research that most job-related web entries are received from employed candidates searching the Internet during work hours, Cisco provides job browsers easy to access fake computer screens in case a boss or co-worker enters the room unexpectedly. However, web-based recruiting is not Cisco\u27s only foray into non-traditional recruitment sources. The firm routinely acquires five to six new companies per year in order to fuel its rapid growth with the proven and talented employees of other firms. Recognizing that acquisitions in and of themselves do nothing to prevent valued talent from walking out the door when another employer takes over, Cisco has identified a method of orientation, accommodation, and enculturation that allows them to retain virtually the entire technical staffs of its acquisitions (Nakache, 1997). Another example of innovative recruitment can be found in the practices of the well-known McKinsey Consulting Group. In response to the chronically tight consulting market, McKinsey now places open advertisements in international business publications, such as The Economist (1997). The ads state that in order to obtain the right candidate (whose characteristics are described in detail in the ad), McKinsey will now accommodate the candidate\u27s own availability, rather than its own timetable for recruitment. The previous examples encourage one to ask whether organizations struggling to revamp their recruitment programs can receive much assistance from the existing conceptual and empirical recruitment literature. Specifically, how closely do newly evolving recruitment practices follow the body of existing? What is known about the strategic impact that recruiting has on organizations as entities? Looking toward the future, what can be done to bring the domains of recruitment research and practice closer together? These are some of the questions addressed in this chapter

Synthesis and Study of Olefin Metathesis Catalysts Supported by Redox-Switchable Diaminocarbene 3 Ferrocenophanes

A redox-switchable ligand, N,N'-dimethyldiaminocarbene[3]ferrocenophane (5), was synthesized and incorporated into a series of Ir- and Ru-based complexes. Electrochemical and spectroscopic analyses of (5) Ir(CO)(2)Cl (15) revealed that 5 displayed a Tolman electronic parameter value of 2050 cm(-1) in the neutral state and 2061 cm(-1) upon oxidation. Moreover, inspection of X-ray crystallography data recorded for (5) Ir(cis,cis-1,5-cyclooctadiene)Cl (13) revealed that 5 was sterically less bulky (%V-Bur = 28.4) than other known diaminocarbene[3]ferrocenophanes, which facilitated the synthesis of (5)(PPh3)Cl2Ru-(3-phenylindenylid-1-ene) (18). Complex 18 exhibited quasi-reversible electrochemical processes at 0.79 and 0.98 V relative to SCE, which were assigned to the Fe and Ru centers in the complex, respectively, based on UV-vis and electron pair resonance spectroscopic measurements. Adding 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyanoquinone over the course of a ring-opening metathesis polymerization of cis, cis-1,5-cyclooctadiene catalyzed by 18 ([monomer](0)/[18](0) = 2500) reduced the corresponding rate constant of the reaction by over an order of magnitude (pre-oxidation: k(obs) = 0.045 s(-1); post-oxidation: k(obs) = 0.0012 s(-1)). Subsequent reduction of the oxidized species using decamethylferrocene restored catalytic activity (post-reduction: k(obs) = up to 0.016 s(-1), depending on when the reductant was added). The difference in the polymerization rates was attributed to the relative donating ability of the redox-active ligand (i.e., strongly donating 5 versus weakly donating 5(+)) which ultimately governed the activity displayed by the corresponding catalyst.U. S. Army Research Office W911NF-09-1-0446Chemistr

Periurethral Smooth Muscle Tumor of Undetermined Malignant Potential

Smooth muscle tumors of undermined malignant potential (STUMP) are atypical smooth muscle tumors. The majority of these tumors are of uterine origin. We report the first known periurethral STUMP. Complete surgical resection is recommended for all cases of STUMP. They can recur in the form of STUMP or leiomyosarcoma

Characterisation of oil sludges from different sources before treatment: high-field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) in the determination of oil and water content

Oil sludges are wastes from the oil industry containing complex mixtures of oil hydrocarbons, water, sediments, and heavy metals. These wastes are of main importance for the petroleum industry since it is estimated that more than a billion tons have been stored worldwide. There are several types of oil sludges, but the oil tank bottom sludges are the most studied. Therefore, it is necessary to analyse a variety of oil sludges to establish a detail characterisation, with fast and reliable methods before selecting a suitable treatment. Five sludges were analysed in this study: an oil drilling, oil refinery, oil-water separator, and two waste engine oil sludges. This is a rare report detailing the use of high-field (500 MHz) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to determine oil and water contents in oil sludges, which are more commonly analysed by low-field NMR (below 100 MHz). The proposed NMR procedure was validated by the analysis of oil-water calibration standards (experimental errors < 15%). There was a good agreement among the data obtained from the 1D proton spectra and the Carr-Purcell- Meiboom-Gill (CPMG) T2 decays (percentage differences < 5%). The T2 decays data showed that all sludges had only two components attributed to oil and water, and their relative ratios were determined. The sediment content was determined by the oven-drying method, and the oil hydrocarbon fractions and trace elements were assessed. The oil sludges presented different ranges in the oil, water, sediment and heavy metals contents. The higher presence of C10-C18 aliphatic fractions in the oil from the sludges was an indicator of the potential to be reused as diesel fuel. The sludges had potentially toxic elements (PTEs) values under the limit of the landfilling standards established by the European Union, except for the WSS sludge. Ca and Fe had the highest concentrations in all sludges, which are characteristic of these wastes. The techniques used in this study can be an alternative for a rapid characterisation of the oil sludges, so their most appropriate treatment can be established