Participant characteristics (2,393).

<p>Participant characteristics (2,393).</p

Characteristics associated with all TB, laboratory confirmed TB, and mortality.

<p>Characteristics associated with all TB, laboratory confirmed TB, and mortality.</p

Depression and alcohol use disorder at antiretroviral therapy initiation led to disengagement from care in South Africa

<div><p>We sought to assess mental health at the time of antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation and subsequent retention in care over a six-month follow-up period. A total of 136 people living with HIV in South Africa were administered surveys measuring demographic information and mental health indicators at the time of ART initiation. Follow-up was completed via chart abstraction to assess for six-month outcomes of retention in care and viral suppression. At enrollment, 45/136 (33%), 67/136 (49%), and 45/136 (33%) participants screened positive for depression, anxiety, and alcohol use disorder, respectively. After six months of follow-up, 96/136 (71%) participants remained in care; 35/87 (40.2%) participants who remained in care had a level <50 copies/mL. Those with depression (49% vs. 77% retained; p < 0.01) and those with alcohol use disorder (52% vs. 76% retained; p < 0.01) were less likely to be retained in care. In multivariable logistic regression, depression OR 3.46 (95% CI: 1.33, 7.97; p < 0.01) and alcohol abuse OR 3.89 (95% CI: 1.70, 8.97; p < 0.01) were independently associated with loss from care. These results emphasize the importance of mental health on early ART outcomes and the HIV care continuum.</p></div

Predictors of disengagement from care—multivariable logistic regression^a (n = 136).

<p>Predictors of disengagement from care—multivariable logistic regression<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0189820#t005fn001" target="_blank">^a</a> (n = 136).</p

Participant characteristics at time of ART initiation.

<p>Participant characteristics at time of ART initiation.</p

CD4 count slope based on mixed linear regression model during the first 24 months of ART.

<p>NRTI: nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor; TDF: tenofovir difumarate; AZT: zidovudine.</p>*<p>slope adjusted for sex and HIV viral suppression; intercept adjusted for sex, age, NNRTI, and baseline HIV RNA.</p

Cohort characteristics at ART initiation by nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor.

<p>AZT: Zidovudine; d4T: Stavudine; TDF: Tenofovir; IQR: Interquartile Range; NNRTI: non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor; EFV: Efavirenz; NVP: Nevirapine.</p

Cox-proportional hazard model for mortality.

*<p>also adjusted for year of ART initiation, program, site, age and WHO stage.</p><p>HR: Hazard Ratio; aHR: Adjusted Hazard Ratio; CI: Confidence Interval; AZT: Zidovudine; d4T: Stavudine; TDF: Tenofovir; NNRTI: non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor; EFV: Efavirenz; NVP: Nevirapine.</p

Characteristics of clients testing through Aurum HCT sites from 1 January 2009 to 31 June 2012 (column percentages do not include missing).

<p>*Percentage excludes missing data and are based on available data for the variable.</p>†<p>Category represents proportion of missing data.</p><p>**Employment data available from 30/09/2010–30/09/2011.N = 46,306 (49% of total).</p><p>***Risk perception data available from 01/01/2009–30/08/2010. N = 30,995 (26% of total).</p

Competing-risk regression model for loss-from-care.

*<p>also adjusted for program and site, initiation year and age.</p><p>CI: Confidence Interval; AZT: Zidovudine; d4T: Stavudine; TDF: Tenofovir; EFV: Efavirenz; NVP: Nevirapine; HR: Hazard Ratio; aHR: Adjusted Hazard Ratio.</p