43,503 research outputs found
Ohm's Law at strong coupling: S duality and the cyclotron resonance
We calculate the electrical and thermal conductivities and the thermoelectric
coefficient of a class of strongly interacting 2+1 dimensional conformal field
theories with anti-de Sitter space duals. We obtain these transport
coefficients as a function of charge density, background magnetic field,
temperature and frequency. We show that the thermal conductivity and
thermoelectric coefficient are determined by the electrical conductivity alone.
At small frequency, in the hydrodynamic limit, we are able to provide a number
of analytic formulae for the electrical conductivity. A dominant feature of the
conductivity is the presence of a cyclotron pole. We show how bulk
electromagnetic duality acts on the transport coefficients.Comment: 23 pages, 11 figures, typos corrected and references added. Improved
discussion of S dualit
Planning for Decentralized Control of Multiple Robots Under Uncertainty
We describe a probabilistic framework for synthesizing control policies for
general multi-robot systems, given environment and sensor models and a cost
function. Decentralized, partially observable Markov decision processes
(Dec-POMDPs) are a general model of decision processes where a team of agents
must cooperate to optimize some objective (specified by a shared reward or cost
function) in the presence of uncertainty, but where communication limitations
mean that the agents cannot share their state, so execution must proceed in a
decentralized fashion. While Dec-POMDPs are typically intractable to solve for
real-world problems, recent research on the use of macro-actions in Dec-POMDPs
has significantly increased the size of problem that can be practically solved
as a Dec-POMDP. We describe this general model, and show how, in contrast to
most existing methods that are specialized to a particular problem class, it
can synthesize control policies that use whatever opportunities for
coordination are present in the problem, while balancing off uncertainty in
outcomes, sensor information, and information about other agents. We use three
variations on a warehouse task to show that a single planner of this type can
generate cooperative behavior using task allocation, direct communication, and
signaling, as appropriate
Hyperfine Splitting and the Zeeman Effect in Holographic Heavy-Light Mesons
We inspect the mass spectrum of heavy-light mesons in deformed N=2 super
Yang-Mills theory using the AdS/CFT correspondence. We demonstrate how some of
the degeneracies of the supersymmetric meson spectrum can be removed upon
breaking the supersymmetry, thus leading to the emergence of hyperfine
structure. The explicit SUSY breaking scenarios we consider involve on one hand
tilting one of the two fundamental D7 branes inside the internal R^6 space, and
on the other hand applying an external magnetic field on the (untilted) branes.
The latter scenario leads to the well-known Zeeman effect, which we inspect for
both weak and strong magnetic fields.Comment: 5 pages, 1 figur
Theory of the electronic structure of dilute bismide and bismide-nitride alloys of GaAs: Tight-binding and k.p models
The addition of dilute concentrations of bismuth (Bi) into GaAs to form
GaBiAs alloys results in a large reduction of the band gap energy Eg
accompanied by a significant increase of the spin-orbit-splitting energy
(delta_SO), leading to an Eg < delta_SO regime for ~10% Bi composition which is
technologically relevant for the design of highly efficient photonic devices.
The quaternary alloy GaBiNAs offers further flexibility for band gap tuning,
because both nitrogen and bismuth can independently induce band gap reduction.
This work reports sp3s* tight binding and 14-band k.p models for the study of
the electronic structure of GaBiAs and GaBiNAs alloys. Our results are in good
agreement with the available experimental data.Comment: 2 pages, 1 figur
A Model for Scattering with Proliferating Resonances: Many Coupled Square Wells
We present a multichannel model for elastic interactions, comprised of an
arbitrary number of coupled finite square-well potentials, and derive
semi-analytic solutions for its scattering behavior. Despite the model's
simplicity, it is flexible enough to include many coupled short-ranged
resonances in the vicinity of the collision threshold, as is necessary to
describe ongoing experiments in ultracold molecules and lanthanide atoms. We
also introduce a simple, but physically realistic, statistical ensemble for
parameters in this model. We compute the resulting probability distributions of
nearest-neighbor resonance spacings and analyze them by fitting to the Brody
distribution. We quantify the ability of alternative distribution functions,
for resonance spacing and resonance number variance, to describe the crossover
regime. The analysis demonstrates that the multichannel square-well model with
the chosen ensemble of parameters naturally captures the crossover from
integrable to chaotic scattering as a function of closed channel coupling
strength.Comment: 11 pages, 8 figure
Effects of Diffusion on Photocurrent Generation in Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Films
We have studied photocurrent generation in large carbon nanotube (CNT) films
using electrodes with different spacings. We observe that the photocurrent
depends strongly on the position of illumination, with maximum observed
response occurring upon illumination at the electrode edges. The rate of change
of the response decays exponentially, with the fastest response occurring for
samples with the smallest electrode spacing. We show that the time response is
due to charge carrier diffusion in low-mobility CNT films
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