30 research outputs found

    Soliton Spheres

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    Soliton spheres are immersed 2-spheres in the conformal 4-sphere S^4=HP^1 that allow rational, conformal parametrizations f:CP^1->HP^1 obtained via twistor projection and dualization from rational curves in CP^{2n+1}. Soliton spheres can be characterized as the case of equality in the quaternionic Pluecker estimate. A special class of soliton spheres introduced by Taimanov are immersions into R^3 with rotationally symmetric Weierstrass potentials that are related to solitons of the mKdV-equation via the ZS-AKNS linear problem. We show that Willmore spheres and Bryant spheres with smooth ends are further examples of soliton spheres. The possible values of the Willmore energy for soliton spheres in the 3-sphere are proven to be W=4pi*d with d a positive integer but not 2,3,5, or 7. The same quantization was previously known individually for each of the three special classes of soliton spheres mentioned above.Comment: 49 pages, 43 figure

    Conformal maps from a 2-torus to the 4-sphere

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    We study the space of conformal immersions of a 2-torus into the 4-sphere. The moduli space of generalized Darboux transforms of such an immersed torus has the structure of a Riemann surface, the spectral curve. This Riemann surface arises as the zero locus of the determinant of a holomorphic family of Dirac type operators parameterized over the complexified dual torus. The kernel line bundle of this family over the spectral curve describes the generalized Darboux transforms of the conformally immersed torus. If the spectral curve has finite genus the kernel bundle can be extended to the compactification of the spectral curve and we obtain a linear 2-torus worth of algebraic curves in projective 3-space. The original conformal immersion of the 2-torus is recovered as the orbit under this family of the point at infinity on the spectral curve projected to the 4-sphere via the twistor fibration.Comment: 27 pages, 5 figure

    Constrained Willmore Surfaces

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    Constrained Willmore surfaces are conformal immersions of Riemann surfaces that are critical points of the Willmore energy W=∫H2W=\int H^2 under compactly supported infinitesimal conformal variations. Examples include all constant mean curvature surfaces in space forms. In this paper we investigate more generally the critical points of arbitrary geometric functionals on the space of immersions under the constraint that the admissible variations infinitesimally preserve the conformal structure. Besides constrained Willmore surfaces we discuss in some detail examples of constrained minimal and volume critical surfaces, the critical points of the area and enclosed volume functional under the conformal constraint.Comment: 17 pages, 8 figures; v2: Hopf tori added as an example, minor changes in presentation, numbering changed; v3: new abstract and appendix, several changes in presentatio

    The spectral curve of a quaternionic holomorphic line bundle over a 2-torus

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    A conformal immersion of a 2-torus into the 4-sphere is characterized by an auxiliary Riemann surface, its spectral curve. This complex curve encodes the monodromies of a certain Dirac type operator on a quaternionic line bundle associated to the immersion. The paper provides a detailed description of the geometry and asymptotic behavior of the spectral curve. If this curve has finite genus the Dirichlet energy of a map from a 2-torus to the 2-sphere or the Willmore energy of an immersion from a 2-torus into the 4-sphere is given by the residue of a specific meromorphic differential on the curve. Also, the kernel bundle of the Dirac type operator evaluated over points on the 2-torus linearizes in the Jacobian of the spectral curve. Those results are presented in a geometric and self contained manner.Comment: 36 page

    Möbius invariante FlĂŒsse von Tori in S4

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    Diese Arbeit beschreibt, wie BĂ€cklund- und Darbouxtransformationen sowie SolitonenflĂŒsse fĂŒr allgemeine konforme Immersionen von Riemannschen FlĂ€chen in die 4-SphĂ€re definiert werden können. Dabei wird detailliert auf den Zusammenhang zu den klassischen Transformationstheorien fĂŒr Isotherm- und WillmoreflĂ€chen eingegangen, die als SpezialfĂ€lle in der neuen Theorie enthalten sind. Das Hauptinteresse dieser Arbeit gilt den globalen Eigenschaften der Transformationen im Fall konformer Immersionen von Riemannschen FlĂ€chen des Geschlechts 1. Es wird gezeigt, dass im Fall konformer Immersionen eines Torus mit NormalbĂŒndel vom Grad 0 sowohl BĂ€cklund- als auch Darbouxtransformationen das Willmorefunktional und das sogenannte Spektrum erhalten. FĂŒr diese Immersionen wird eine Spektralkurve definiert, welche die Menge der Darbouxtransformationen der Immersion parametrisiert und eine natĂŒrliche Interpretation als holomorphe Kurve in CP3CP^3 erlaubt. Die SolitonenflĂŒsse werden als spezielle Deformationen quaternionisch projektiver Strukturen eingefĂŒhrt. Es werden Evolutionsgleichungen fĂŒr die Invarianten hergeleitet, die nach dem Fundamentalsatz der FlĂ€chentheorie in der 4--dimensionalen Möbiusgeometrie eine konforme Immersion bis auf Möbiustransformation eindeutig beschreiben. Als Beispiel wird gezeigt, dass der Davey--Stewartson--Fluss fĂŒr FlĂ€chen, im Fall von Zylindern, RotationsflĂ€chen und Kegeln ĂŒber Kurven in 3--dimensionalen Raumformen, den bekannten Rauch--Ring--Fluss fĂŒr Raumkurven ergibt und dass analog der Novikov--Veselov--Fluss dem mKdV--Fluss fĂŒr Raumkurven entspricht. Abschließend werden die beiden folgenden SĂ€tze bewiesen: der erste Satz besagt, dass ein Torus in der 4--SphĂ€re, der in einer 3--SphĂ€re enthalten ist, genau dann unter dem Davey--Stewartson--Fluss stationĂ€r ist, wenn er isotherm und constrained Willmore ist. Der zweite Satz zeigt, dass man den Davey--Stewartson--Fluss unter bestimmten Annahmen als Grenzwert von Darbouxtransformationen erhĂ€lt.This thesis describes, how BĂ€cklund and Darboux transformations as well as soliton flows can be defined for general conformal immersions of Riemann surfaces into the 4-sphere. This generalizes the classical transformation theories fĂŒr isothermic und Willmore surfaces. The emphasis is on the global theory for conformal immersions of tori

    Spectral curves for Cauchy-Riemann operators on punctured elliptic curves

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