The James Webb Space Telescope Mission

Twenty-six years ago a small committee report, building on earlier studies, expounded a compelling and poetic vision for the future of astronomy, calling for an infrared-optimized space telescope with an aperture of at least $4m$. With the support of their governments in the US, Europe, and Canada, 20,000 people realized that vision as the $6.5m$ James Webb Space Telescope. A generation of astronomers will celebrate their accomplishments for the life of the mission, potentially as long as 20 years, and beyond. This report and the scientific discoveries that follow are extended thank-you notes to the 20,000 team members. The telescope is working perfectly, with much better image quality than expected. In this and accompanying papers, we give a brief history, describe the observatory, outline its objectives and current observing program, and discuss the inventions and people who made it possible. We cite detailed reports on the design and the measured performance on orbit.Comment: Accepted by PASP for the special issue on The James Webb Space Telescope Overview, 29 pages, 4 figure

Value priorities and value conflicts in patients with mental disorders compared to a general population sample

Personal values are considered as guiding principles for humans’ attitudes and behavior, what makes them an essential component of mental health. Although these notions are widely recognized, investigations in clinical samples examining the link between values and mental health are lacking. We assessed n = 209 patients with affective disorders, neurotic disorders, reaction to severe stress, and adjustment disorders and personality disorders and compared them to a stratified random sample (n = 209) drawn from the European Social Survey. Personal values were assessed using the Portraits Value Questionnaire. Severity of psychopathology was assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory and the Brief Symptom Inventory. Clinical participants showed a higher preference for the values power, achievement and tradition/conformity and a lower preference for hedonism compared to controls. Patients exhibited more incompatible value patterns than controls. Across diagnostic groups, patients with neurotic disorders reported incompatible values most frequently. Value priorities and value conflicts may have the potential to contribute to a better understanding of current and future actions and experiences in patients with mental disorders

Le manifeste à travers les arts : devenirs d’un genre indiscipliné

Littérature, arts plastiques, cinéma, poésie, théâtre, architecture : tous les domaines de la création ont pour objet commun le manifeste. Texte-action protéiforme et iconoclaste, il s’inscrit à la fois dans l’histoire de sa discipline tout en bousculant ses codes, en un geste performatif d’indiscipline. Véritable « agent provocateur », remède contre la normativité qui a connu son heure de gloire à l’époque des avant-gardes, le manifeste est d’abord le texte par excellence de l’engagement de l’artiste, de l’utopie et de la révolte, questionnant sans cesse les entrelacs de l’artistique et du politique. Ses usages contemporains, néanmoins, invitent à questionner la forme même du genre et sa subversion fondamentale : pratiqué souvent en solitaire plutôt qu’en groupe, transformé en installation, performance ou catalogue d’exposition, voire détourné à des fins publicitaires, le manifeste véhicule une imagerie de la protestation qui se fait parfois mise en scène et par là, remise en question de tout ce qu’il entendait initialement rejeter. À qui profite le manifeste ? Quels discours et engagements sert-il ? Lui est-il encore possible d’être indiscipliné ? C’est à ces questions que tente de répondre le présent numéro. Literature, arts, cinema, poetry, theatre, architecture… all creative domains have in common the manifesto. An iconoclastic and multiform action-text, it is both in line with the history of its discipline while rewriting its rules in an undisciplined gesture. It is not only a true “agent provocateur,” a remedy against standardisation which had its hour of glory at the time of the avant-garde, but also a text that shows the artists’ engagement, their utopia and their revolts, and constantly challenges the links between the arts and politics. Its contemporary usage, nonetheless, lead us to question the form of the genre itself and its fundamentally subversive character: often practised solitarily rather than in a group, transformed into an art installation, a performance, an exhibition catalogue, or even diverted for the purpose of advertising, the manifesto conveys an image of protest that sometimes ends up being just a show, thereby bringing back into the picture that which it was initially designed to reject. So who benefits from the manifesto? Which messages and engagements is it trying to put over? Can it still be undisciplined? These are some of the questions the present issue addresses

The James Webb Space Telescope Mission

Twenty-six years ago a small committee report, building on earlier studies, expounded a compelling and poetic vision for the future of astronomy, calling for an infrared-optimized space telescope with an aperture of at least 4 m. With the support of their governments in the US, Europe, and Canada, 20,000 people realized that vision as the 6.5 m James Webb Space Telescope. A generation of astronomers will celebrate their accomplishments for the life of the mission, potentially as long as 20 yr, and beyond. This report and the scientific discoveries that follow are extended thank-you notes to the 20,000 team members. The telescope is working perfectly, with much better image quality than expected. In this and accompanying papers, we give a brief history, describe the observatory, outline its objectives and current observing program, and discuss the inventions and people who made it possible. We cite detailed reports on the design and the measured performance on orbit