A Bayesian Markov Chain Approach Using Proportions Labour Market Data for Greek Regions

This paper focuses on Greek labour market dynamics at a regional base, which comprises of 16 provinces, as defined by NUTS levels 1 and 2 (Eurostat, 2008), using Markov Chains for proportions data for the first time in the literature. We apply a Bayesian approach, which employs a Monte Carlo Integration procedure that uncovers the entire empirical posterior distribution of transition probabilities from full employment to part employment, unemployment and economically unregistered unemployment and vice a versa. Our results show that there are disparities in the transition probabilities across regions, implying that the convergence of the Greek labour market at a regional base is far from being considered as completed. However, some common patterns are observed as regions in the south of the country exhibit similar transition probabilities between different states of the labour market.Greek Regions, Employment, Unemployment, Markov Chains.

Conditional Symmetries, the True Degree of Freedom and G.C.T. Invariant Wave functions for the general Bianchi Type II Vacuum Cosmology

The quantization of the most general Bianchi Type II geometry -with all six scale factors, as well as the lapse function and the shift vector, present- is considered. In an earlier work, a first reduction of the initial 6-dimensional configuration space, to a 4-dimensional one, has been achieved by the usage of the information furnished by the quantum form of the linear constraints. Further reduction of the space in which the wave function -obeying the Wheeler-DeWitt equation- lives, is accomplished by unrevealling the extra symmetries of the Hamiltonian. These symmetries appear in the form of -linear in momenta- first integrals of motion. Most of these symmetries, correspond to G.C.T.s through the action of the automorphism group. Thus, a G.C.T. invariant wave function is found, which depends on the only true degree of freedom, i.e. the unique curvature invariant, characterizing the hypersurfaces t=const.Comment: 10 pages, no figures, LaTeX2e Typesetting syste

Transition of Social Welfare in the European Country Clubs

This paper focuses on the dynamics of welfare by studying the persistence and transition of poverty risk, social transfers, employment and unemployment in the four European Country Clubs as defined by Esping-Andersen, G. (1990) and Bertola et al. (2001). We model their evolution in a multistate Markov process for proportions of aggregate data and estimate the transition matrix by adopting a Bayesian approach under inequality constraints and Monte Carlo Integration. Our approach uncovers the entire empirical posterior distribution of persistence and transition probabilities, for which statistical inference is readily available. The results show high persistence in unemployment rate in the Anglo-Saxon social club, whilst regarding social expenditures the four identified social clubs converge to two, the Nordic with the Continental club and the Anglo-Saxon with the Southern club. The half life statistics show fast pace across all variables of interest.Social Clubs, Markov Chains, Monte Carlo Integration, Transition

Decoupling of the general scalar field mode and the solution space for Bianchi type I and V cosmologies coupled to perfect fluid sources

The scalar field degree of freedom in Einstein's plus Matter field equations is decoupled for Bianchi type I and V general cosmological models. The source, apart from the minimally coupled scalar field with arbitrary potential V(Phi), is provided by a perfect fluid obeying a general equation of state p =p(rho). The resulting ODE is, by an appropriate choice of final time gauge affiliated to the scalar field, reduced to 1st order, and then the system is completely integrated for arbitrary choices of the potential and the equation of state.Comment: latex2e source file,14 pages, no figures; (v3): minor corrections, to appear in J. Math. Phy

Automorphism Inducing Diffeomorphisms, Invariant Characterization of Homogeneous 3-Spaces and Hamiltonian Dynamics of Bianchi Cosmologies

An invariant description of Bianchi Homogeneous (B.H.) 3-spaces is presented, by considering the action of the Automorphism Group on the configuration space of the real, symmetric, positive definite, $3\times 3$ matrices. Thus, the gauge degrees of freedom are removed and the remaining (gauge invariant) degrees, are the --up to 3-- curvature invariants. An apparent discrepancy between this Kinematics and the Quantum Hamiltonian Dynamics of the lower Class A Bianchi Types, occurs due to the existence of the Outer Automorphism Subgroup. This discrepancy is satisfactorily removed by exploiting the quantum version of some classical integrals of motion (conditional symmetries) which are recognized as corresponding to the Outer Automorphisms.Comment: 18 pages, LaTeX2e, no figures, one table, to appear in Communications in Mathematical Physic

A Non - Singular Cosmological Model with Shear and Rotation

We have investigated a non-static and rotating model of the universe with an imperfect fluid distribution. It is found that the model is free from singularity and represents an ever expanding universe with shear and rotation vanishing for large value of time.Comment: 10 pages, late

Canonical Quantization of the BTZ Black Hole using Noether Symmetries

The well-known BTZ black hole solution of (2+1) Einstein's gravity, in the presence of a cosmological constant, is treated both at the classical and quantum level. Classically, the imposition of the two manifest local Killing fields of the BTZ geometry at the level of the full action results in a mini-superspace constraint action with the radial coordinate playing the role of the independent dynamical variable. The Noether symmetries of this reduced action are then shown to completely determine the classical solution space, without any further need to solve the dynamical equations of motion. At a quantum mechanical level, all the admissible sets of the quantum counterparts of the generators of the above mentioned symmetries are utilized as supplementary conditions acting on the wave-function. These additional restrictions, in conjunction with the Wheeler-DeWitt equation, help to determine (up to constants) the wave-function which is then treated semiclassically, in the sense of Bohm. The ensuing space-times are, either identical to the classical geometry, thus exhibiting a good correlation of the corresponding quantization to the classical theory, or are less symmetric but exhibit no Killing or event horizon and no curvature singularity, thus indicating a softening of the classical conical singularity of the BTZ geometry.Comment: 24 pages, no figures, LaTeX 2e source fil