Differences between groups in functional connectivity of resting-state networks.

<p>Group ICA components (3D volumes) including (a) default mode network, (b) primary visual network, (c) secondary visual network, (d) salience network, (e) right frontoparietal network, (f) left frontoparietal network, (g) sensorimotor network, and (h) dorsal attention network. The ICA components are shown in FSL red-yellow encoding using a 3< z-score <10 threshold. The (i) bilateral frontoparietal and (j) precuneus (posterior default-mode) networks were the only networks which demonstrated significant differences between groups (p < .005 uncorrected, cluster size> 30 voxels). Areas in blue below these networks (k), with numbered clusters 1–4, indicate those areas within these networks in which the pediatric-onset MS group demonstrated higher connectivity compared to healthy controls. C1 indicates the anterior cingulate cluster and C2 the left middle frontal gyrus cluster of the bilateral frontoparietal network. C3 indicates the right precuneus and C4 the anterior cingulate cluster of the precuneus posterior default-mode network. Statistics for the connectivity values of these clusters are referred to throughout the text. All images are displayed in radiological convention. (Left = Right, Right = Left). The most informative slices are shown.</p

Differences between groups in white matter FA.

<p>(a) WM skeleton (green) depicting areas in which the pediatric-onset MS group demonstrated lower FA (blue) compared to the healthy control group (p < .01, corrected). (b) Mean lesion map of the pediatric MS group with brighter (yellow) areas representing voxels with higher probability of lesion occurrence. MNI152 template slice coordinates are also reported.</p

Feasibility of computerized working memory training in individuals with Huntington disease

<div><p>Objectives</p><p>Huntington disease (HD) is associated with a variety of cognitive deficits, with prominent difficulties in working memory (WM). WM deficits are notably compromised in early-onset and prodromal HD patients. This study aimed to determine the feasibility of a computerized WM training program (Cogmed QM), novel to the HD population.</p><p>Methods</p><p>Nine patients, aged 26–62, with early stage HD underwent a 25-session (5 days/week for 5 weeks) WM training program (Cogmed QM). Training exercises involved the manipulation and storage of verbal and visuospatial information, with difficulty adapted as a function of individual performance. Neuropsychological testing was conducted before and after training, and performance on criterion WM measures (Digit Span and Spatial Span), near-transfer WM measures (Symbol Span and Auditory WM), and control measures were evaluated. Post-training interviews about patient experience were thematically analyzed using NVivo software.</p><p>Results</p><p>Seven of nine patients demonstrated adherence to the training and completed all sessions within the recommended timeframe of 5 weeks. All adherent patients showed improvement on the Cogmed tasks as defined by the Improvement Index (<i>M</i> = 22.17, <i>SD</i> = 8.84, range = 13–36). All adherent patients reported that they found training helpful (<i>n = 7)</i>, and almost all felt that their memory improved (<i>n = 6)</i>. Participants also expressed that the training was difficult, sometimes frustrating, and time consuming.</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>This pilot study provides support for feasibility of computerized WM training in early-stage patients with HD. Results suggest that HD patients perceive benefits of intensive WM training, though a full-scale and controlled intervention project is needed to understand the size of the effect and reliability of changes over time.</p><p>Trial registration</p><p>ClinicalTrials.gov, Registry number <a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02926820" target="_blank">NCT02926820</a></p></div

Flowchart of participant enrollment, inclusion, and involvement.

<p>Flowchart of participant enrollment, inclusion, and involvement.</p

Demographic and clinical characteristics for all participants (N = 9).

<p>Demographic and clinical characteristics for all participants (N = 9).</p

Neuropsychological outcomes for criterion, near-transfer, and far transfer tasks using raw scores.

<p>Neuropsychological outcomes for criterion, near-transfer, and far transfer tasks using raw scores.</p

Feasibility outcomes on Cogmed QM for all participants (N = 9).

<p>Feasibility outcomes on Cogmed QM for all participants (N = 9).</p

Participant inclusion and exclusion criteria.

<p>Participant inclusion and exclusion criteria.</p

Supplementary Material 1, MSJ779952_supplementary_material_1 – Detection and clinical correlation of leukocortical lesions in pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis on multi-contrast MRI

<p>Supplementary Material 1, MSJ779952_supplementary_material_1 for Detection and clinical correlation of leukocortical lesions in pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis on multi-contrast MRI by Josefina Maranzano, Christine Till, Haz-Edine Assemlal, Vladimir Fonov, Robert Brown, David Araujo, Julia O’Mahony, E Ann Yeh, Amit Bar-Or, Ruth Ann Marrie, Louis Collins, Brenda Banwell, Douglas L Arnold and Sridar Narayanan in Multiple Sclerosis Journal</p

Supplementary Appendix, MSJ779952_supplementary_appendix – Detection and clinical correlation of leukocortical lesions in pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis on multi-contrast MRI

<p>Supplementary Appendix, MSJ779952_supplementary_appendix for Detection and clinical correlation of leukocortical lesions in pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis on multi-contrast MRI by Josefina Maranzano, Christine Till, Haz-Edine Assemlal, Vladimir Fonov, Robert Brown, David Araujo, Julia O’Mahony, E Ann Yeh, Amit Bar-Or, Ruth Ann Marrie, Louis Collins, Brenda Banwell, Douglas L Arnold and Sridar Narayanan in Multiple Sclerosis Journal</p