Characteristics of groups of patients included in the study.

1<p>PHI, Primary HIV Infection;</p>2<p>HIC: HIV controllers;</p>3<p>NA: not applicable.</p

Similar HIV-specific T cell responses in PHI-patients and HIC.

<p><b>A.</b> PHI patients: frequency of CD4+ T-cells producing at least one cytokine (IFN-γ, MIP-1β or IL-2) in response to HIV-p24 stimulation, as determined by ICS (left); percentage of patients with a positive CD4+ T-cell response (centre); and frequency of HIV-specific CD4+ T-cells producing one, two or three cytokines (right) <b>B.</b> same experiments with CD8+ T-cells challenged with MHC-matched optimal HIV-1 peptides. <b>C.</b> Comparative frequency of IFNγ- (left) and IL2 (right)-producing CD4+ T-cells in PHI patients and HIC. D. <i>Idem</i> for CD8+ T-cells. Each symbol represents one individual. Medians are shown as horizontal lines.</p

Time course of plasma viral load in PHI patients between the pre-inclusion visit (∼d-7) and inclusion of the study (d0).

<p>Values for patients who experienced a decline of at least 0.3 log in their viral load (arbitrary threshold) during this period are shown in red, and those from patients whose viral load remained stable are in blue.</p

Baseline characteristics of the 987 patients from the ANRS PRIMO cohort 1999–2010.

<p>TPHA = <i>Treponema palladium</i> haemagglutination assay; VDRL = Venereal Diseases Research Laboratory test; HBV = hepatits B virus; HCV = hepatitis C virus.</p

Modest capacity of CD8+ T cells from PHI-patients to suppress infection.

<p><b>A.</b> Capacity of CD8+ T-cells from PHI patients and HIC to suppress HIV infection of autologous CD4+ T-cells ex vivo, measured as the log fall in p24 production in culture supernatants when CD4+ T-cells superinfected in vitro with HIV-1 Bal were co-cultured with unstimulated autologous CD8+ T-cells at a ratio of 1∶1, by comparison with p24 production by superinfected CD4+ T-cells cultured alone. Each symbol represents one patient. Open circles represent patients carrying at least one HLA-B*27 or B*57 allele. <b>B.</b> Correlation between CD8+ T-cell-mediated HIV suppression and the frequency of IFNγ-producing CD8+ T-cells between HIC (black symbols) and PHI patients (red symbols). Linear regression is shown for HIC. <b>C.</b> Capacity of CD8+ T-cells from patients with acute or early PHI to suppress HIV infection ex vivo. <b>D.</b> Comparison of the capacity of CD8+ T-cells from PHI patients with decreasing and stable viral loads to suppress HIV infection of autologous CD4+ T-cells.</p

Correlation between HIV-RNA viral loads in paired plasma and cervicovaginal samples in the viremic group.

<p>Circles represent women with plasma HIV-RNA viral load >100 cp/mL (viremic group). The solid line is the regression line for this population.</p

Analysis of characteristics associated with HIV-DNA detection in the genital tract of women included in the study group.

<p>Abbreviations : <b>HBV: hepatitis B virus; HCV: hepatitis C virus; II: integrase inhibitor; NRTI: nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor; NNRTI: non nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor; PI: protease inhibitor.</b></p

Correlation between HIV-DNA levels in paired blood and genital samples in the whole population (study and viremic groups).

<p>Solid squares represent women with plasma HIV-RNA viral load <50 cp/mL (study group), and circles women with plasma HIV-RNA viral load >100 cp/mL (viremic group). The solid line is the regression line for the whole population.</p

Baseline characteristics of women included in the study group (n = 81) and viremic group (n = 16).

<p>Baseline characteristics of women included in the study group (n = 81) and viremic group (n = 16).</p

Predicted trajectories of mean √CD4 cell counts since HIV diagnosis according to blip status in the last five years of control (always ≤50 copies vs. blips within 50–400 and blips >400 copies/mL) (81 HIV controllers, 1668 CD4 measurements).

<p>Predicted trajectories of mean √CD4 cell counts since HIV diagnosis according to blip status in the last five years of control (always ≤50 copies vs. blips within 50–400 and blips >400 copies/mL) (81 HIV controllers, 1668 CD4 measurements).</p