Multi-cycle recovery of lactoferrin and lactoperoxidase from crude whey using fimbriated high-capacity magnetic cation exchangers and a novel "rotor-stator" high-gradient magnetic separator

Cerium (IV) initiated "graft-from" polymerization reactions were employed to convert M-PVA magnetic particles into polyacrylic acid-fimbriated magnetic cation exchange supports displaying ultra-high binding capacity for basic target proteins. The modifications, which were performed at 25mg and 2.5g scales, delivered maximum binding capacities (Q) for hen egg white lysozyme in excess of 320mgg, combined with sub-micromolar dissociation constants (0.45-0.69μm) and "tightness of binding" values greater than 49Lg. Two batches of polyacrylic acid-fimbriated magnetic cation exchangers were combined to form a 5g pooled batch exhibiting Q values for lysozyme, lactoferrin, and lactoperoxidase of 404, 585, and 685mgg, respectively. These magnetic cation exchangers were subsequently employed together with a newly designed "rotor-stator" type HGMF rig, in five sequential cycles of recovery of lactoferrin and lactoperoxidase from 2L batches of a crude sweet bovine whey feedstock. Lactoferrin purification performance was observed to remain relatively constant from one HGMF cycle to the next over the five operating cycles, with yields between 40% and 49% combined with purification and concentration factors of 37- to 46-fold and 1.3- to 1.6-fold, respectively. The far superior multi-cycle HGMF performance seen here compared to that observed in our earlier studies can be directly attributed to the combined use of improved high capacity adsorbents and superior particle resuspension afforded by the new "rotor-stator" HGMS design. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc

Description of GIST stratification risk.

<p>NIH, National Institutes of Health ; AFIP, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology.</p>1<p>Grade was not evaluated due to limited material or too undifferentiated tumor.</p

Distribution of molecular subtypes for sarcoma with specific gene abnormality (N = 362).

<p>GIST, gastrointestinal stromal tumors; PNET, primitive neuroectodermal tumor.</p>1<p>CIR: Crude incidence rate/100,000/year.</p>2<p>Molecular biology analysis not performed in France.</p>3<p>Detection of rearrangement of ALK gene.</p>4<p>Possible fusion transcript: TLS-CHOP; EWS-CHOP.</p>5<p>Possible fusion transcript: EWS-FLI1; EWS-ERG; EWS-FEV; EWS-EIAF; EWS-ETV1.</p>6<p>Possible fusion transcript: PAX3-FKHR; PAX7-FKHR.</p

Crude incidence of histological subtypes.

<p>GIST, gastrointestinal stromal tumor; PNET, primitive neuroectodermal tumor.</p>1<p>Crude incidence rate/100,000/year.</p>2<p>Unclassified sarcomas were divided in subtypes according to morphological features based on experts' advice.</p

Rare histological types of sarcoma.

1<p>MPNST, malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor.</p>2<p>PEComa, neoplasm with perivascular epithelioid cell differentiation.</p

Age-specific incidence rates (per 100,000).

<p>(<b>A</b>) Age-specific rates by sarcoma type. (<b>B</b>) Age-specific rates within bone sarcomas, for the 3 most important histotypes. (<b>C</b>) Age-specific rates for liposarcoma subtypes.</p

Description of tumor grade.

1<p>Grade was not evaluated due to limited material or too undifferentiated tumor.</p

The French ADICAP coding system (http://www.adicap.asso.fr/).

<p>The French ADICAP coding system (<a href="http://www.adicap.asso.fr/" target="_blank">http://www.adicap.asso.fr/</a>).</p

Sarcoma types by percentage of cases for age groups.

<p>PNET, primitive neuroectodermal tumor; Unclass. sarcoma, unclassified sarcoma; DFSP, dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans; DSRCT, desmoplastic small round cell tumor; Other, other sarcoma; MIM tumor, malignant inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor; ES sarcoma, endometrial stromal sarcoma; GIST, gastrointestinal stromal tumor; Uterine LMS, uterine leiomyosarcoma; Mal. solit. Fibr. tumor, malignant solitary fibrous tumor.</p

Primary tumor site according to the type of sarcoma (two-year period).

<p>Primary tumor site according to the type of sarcoma (two-year period).</p