Patient characteristics.

<p>MRI = magnetic resonance imaging, WHO = World Health Organisation.</p

Pattern of contrast-enhancement (CE) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of gliomas with non-significant CE.

<p>T1-weighted contrast-enhanced MR images demonstrate examples of gliomas with (a) no visible ( = <i>none</i>) CE, (c) unspecific ( = <i>patchy/faint</i>) CE and (e) a small regional ( = <i>focal</i>) CE in an otherwise non-enhancing tumor. (b,d,f) T2-weighted MR images show the corresponding hyperintense glioma lesions.</p

Predictive relationship of visible PpIX fluorescence and anaplastic histology.

<p>PPV = positive predictive value; NPV = negative predictive value; CI = confidence interval.</p

All PpIX fluorescence positive tumors (n = 27): Assessment of histopathological WHO criteria and proliferation rate in PpIX focally positive versus negative intratumoral areas within the same glioma.

a<p>Two anaplastic oligodendrogliomas and one anaplastic oligoastrocytoma,</p>b<p>One anaplastic oligodendroglioma.</p

Example of 5-ALA application in a left temporal glioma with non-significant contrast-encencement (CE) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

<p>(a) Preoperative contrast-enhanced T1-weighted MR images show patchy/faint CE and (g) hyperintensity on FLAIR sequences. (b) The intratumoral area outside the region of maximum positron emission tomography (PET) tracer uptake verified by the intraoperative navigation system (c) appeared as whitish glioma tissue under the surgical microscope, (d) with no detectable PpIX fluorescence. (e) The corresponding histopathology reveals low-grade glioma tissue according to the WHO criteria in the H&E stain (f) with a low proliferation rate (MIB-1: <10%). (h) In contrast, the intratumoral area inside the region of maximum PET tracer uptake (i) showed similar glioma tissue appearance in the microscopic view, (j) but revealed strong PpIX fluorescence under violet-blue excitation light. (k) The corresponding histopathology reveals high-grade glioma tissue in accordance with an anaplastic focus according to the WHO criteria in the H&E stain (l) with a high proliferation rate (MIB-1: 32%). The final histopathological diagnosis revealed a focally anaplastic astrocytoma (WHO grade III) and the patient was treated with radiochemotherapy. The width of each histopathological image (e, f, k, l) was 300 micrometers (µm).</p

Red blood cell parameters and risk of VTE in patients with solid tumors (n = 1286). Significant results are highlighted in bold.

<p>Red blood cell parameters and risk of VTE in patients with solid tumors (n = 1286). Significant results are highlighted in bold.</p

Kaplan-Meier estimates for cumulative survival probability of cancer patients (total study cohort) with red blood cell distribution width (RDW)>16% and below (≤16%), respectively.

<p>Survival rates were significantly lower in patients with high RDW in comparison to those with a non-elevated RDW (p<0.001). Numbers in parentheses indicate numbers of deaths in the respective group and time period.</p

Characteristics of the total study population, of patients who developed venous thromboembolism (VTE) and of patients who died during the observation period, as recorded at the time of entry into the study.

<p>Characteristics of the total study population, of patients who developed venous thromboembolism (VTE) and of patients who died during the observation period, as recorded at the time of entry into the study.</p

Cumulative incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE), accounting for competing risk (death of any cause) in the total study cohort, grouped into patients with red cell distribution width (RDW)>16% and below (≤16%), respectively.

<p>In competing risk analysis (accounting for death of any cause), the probability of VTE was not significantly different between patients with high RDW (>16%) and patients with non-elevated RDW (Gray's test p = 0.267). Numbers in parentheses indicate numbers of VTE events in the respective group and time period.</p

Red blood cell parameters and risk of mortality in the total study cohort (n = 1840). Significant results are highlighted in bold.

<p>Red blood cell parameters and risk of mortality in the total study cohort (n = 1840). Significant results are highlighted in bold.</p