Molière and his players

Thesis (M.A.)--Boston Universit

A failure recovery planning prototype for Space Station Freedom

NASA is investigating the use of advanced automation to enhance crew productivity for Space Station Freedom in numerous areas, including failure management. A prototype is described that uses various advanced automation techniques to generate courses of action whose intents are to recover from a diagnosed failure, and to do so within the constraints levied by the failure and by Freedom's configuration and operating conditions

Assessing student perceptions of the Pharm.D. degree at a private tertiary medical university in India

Background: Pharmacy education in India has expanded to include the Doctorate of Pharmacy degree (Pharm.D.). With clinical practice in early development, job opportunities in India are limited. Graduates often consider pharmacy opportunities abroad. Aims: This study compares Indian students’ career aspirations related to the Pharm.D. degree before and after beginning their programmes. Methods: A 5-point Likert scale paper survey with open ended questions was distributed to all Pharm.D. students (Year 1- 6) at a medical university in India. Results: With a response rate of 83% (144/173), over half of the students’ primary goal was to pursue careers abroad post-graduation (54.2% before, 51.4% after). Data from the last three graduating classes indicated that 28.3% travelled abroad for future studies while 62.3% secured positions in India. Conclusions: Opportunities abroad remain challenging for Indian trained Pharm.D.s’; graduates may consider the expanding clinical opportunities in India

Continuity and Change in the History of Scottish Juvenile Justice

This paper explores the theme of continuity and change in the history of Scottish juvenile justice, drawing attention to the longer historical view which enables us to focus on the underlying continuities between nineteenth and twentieth century developments. In this context the paper presents a number of key research findings based on extensive primary research on Victorian and Edwardian Scotland. These focus on three areas: the role of reformatory and industrial schools, the operation of the early juvenile courts and the impact of new scientific discourses. The paper argues that these insights are of value in supporting an interpretation of reform which in many ways complements explanations in the existing literature but is also distinctive in placing particular weight on mid nineteenth century philanthropic dynamism as a primary catalyst of reform

Juvenile crime and justice in Scotland

No abstract available

Probation officers for young offenders in 1920s Scotland

Relatively little is known about early probation systems in Scotland. While there has been growing interest in Scottish probation history, many aspects of early 20th century probation practice remain unexplored. This article looks in particular at the role of early juvenile probation officers, their background, their ethos, their guiding principles and methods. Probation in 1920s Scotland was a controversial topic that provoked much debate, chiefly concerning the appropriate personnel to act as probation officers and under what conditions should they operate. The article examines these debates regarding probation reform in the interwar period

From Separatism to Activism: The Political Life of Jerry Falwell and the Making of the Moral Majority

There have been few culture warriors like Jerry Falwell, the long time pastor of Thomas Road Baptist Church in Lynchburg, Virginia and a prominent leader of the Moral Majority Movement in the 1980\u27s. Falwell\u27s ardently held views expressed through the deep baritone of his voice - accented with the slightest sing-song sound of a Southern drawl - led him to be regarded as the lion of the New Christian Right for decades. So often associated with his advocacy of the political process, his commitment to restoring respect for morality in American society, and his clear alliance with the Republican Party, Falwell has been labeled a fanatic for conservatism, a right-wing demagogue, and an unbearable hothead. 1 His supporters, of course, would deny these claims, considering him a bold leader in the cause of restoring American life. Both sides of the spectrum testify, at the very least, to this: Falwell was a divisive figure, eliciting few moderate reactions to his beliefs, rhetoric and objectives. Yet the person of Jerry Falwell extends beyond the banter of the culture war opinions, and his life reveals itself to be one of complexity, uncertainty and courage. To truly understand Jerry Falwell and his participation in the 1980\u27s conservative ascent, we must explore the deep historical underpinnings for his roles as a pastor and a political activist

Diversity in the Public Speaking Course: Beyond Audience Adaption

Most approaches to public speaking are based on the works of Plato, Aristotle and other classical Greek scholars and have not been updated to include the views of women or minority scholars who can make great contributions to our understanding of rhetoric and public speaking (Gregory, 1993; Hanna and Gibson, 1989; Osborn and Osborn, 1994). The few attempts that have been made to include women and minorities in textbooks are generally limited to the inclusion of a speech or two by a woman or minority speaker or hints on how to be sensitive to gender and culture issues in audience analysis. For example, Gronbeck, McKerrow, Ehninger and Monroe (1990) include a section in the language chapter on \u27\u27Views of Women\u27s Communication and in the appendix there is a discussion of Gender and Communication. Hanna and Gibson (1989) have a short paragraph in their language chapter on stereotypic language. Gregory (1993) has a brief paragraph in his language chapter on sexist language, and Verderber (1988) mentions sexist and racist language. Although this is not a complete content analysis of all public speaking texts, these examples are representative of the way gender and diversity are dealt with in basic public speaking texts. But since the speeches by women and minorities and methods of adaptation are viewed within the context of a traditional Western, male dominated view of public speaking, this does nothing to help students see beyond the traditional model

The Relationship Between Prior Experiences in Mathematics and Pharmacy School Success

Objective. To assess students’ pre-pharmacy math experiences, confidence in math ability, and relationship between experiences, confidence, and grades in math-based pharmacy courses. Methods. A cross-sectional survey of first year to third year pharmacy students was conducted. Students reported type of pre-pharmacy math courses taken, when they were taken [high school (HS) vs. college] and year of HS and college graduation. Students rated their confidence in math ability using the previously validated 11-item Fogerty Math Confidence Scale (Cronbach alpha=0.92). Math grade point average (GPA), Pharmacy College Admission Test quantitative (PCAT quant) scores, and grades (calculations and kinetics) were obtained from transcripts and school records. Spearman correlation and multivariate linear regression were used to compare math experiences, confidence, and grades. Results. There were 198 students who reported taking math courses 7.1 years since HS graduation and 2.9 years since their last schooling prior to pharmacy school. Students who took math courses with more time since HS/last schooling had lower calculations and kinetics grades. Students reporting having taken more HS math courses had better calculations grades. Students with higher math GPA, and PCAT quant scores also had higher calculations and kinetics grades. Greater confidence in math ability was associated with higher calculations grades. In multivariate regressions, PCAT quant scores and years since HS independently predicted calculations grades, and PCAT quant scores independently predicted kinetics grades. Conclusion. The number of pre-pharmacy math courses and time elapsed since they were taken are important factors to consider when predicting a pharmacy student’s success in math-based pharmacy school courses

A Link in a Chain:’ An Audiotopic Analysis of Pete Seeger, 1955 – 1962

The folk artist Pete Seeger has earned widespread acclaim for his music which has touched the lives of millions of fans in America and around the world. His songs, which at first glance are bits of seemingly simple Americana crooned by a banjo picker with a scratchy voice, are in fact packed with social commentaries. Whether they address racial or class inequalities, the tragedy of war, or the problems of American culture from materialism to suburban homogeneity, a protest spirit fills Seeger’s songs. The literature on Seeger to date has been preoccupied with this spirit, presenting Seeger as a politician to readers of his biographies and related materials. They have explored his radical upbringing, his relationship with the Communist Party-USA and his musical campaigns for leftist causes. While the literature satisfies scholars of American social and political history, music scholars are lately frustrated by the lack of attention Seeger’s music has received from the perspective of ethnomusicology. I venture to bridge the gap between Seeger the politician and Seeger the musician by analyzing Seeger the performer. Inspired by Ethnic Studies scholar Josh Kun’s 2005 book Audiotopia: Music, Race, and America (Berkeley: University of California), I argue that Seeger’s key contribution as an artist is found in his ability to unleash musical audiotopias on his audiences. An “audiotopia” is a term that Kun invented to explain the relationship that music has with a listener. Music, Kun believes, is a “point of contact” (Kun 2). When it enters “the bones and tissues” of a listener’s body, an act of hybridization takes place, in which music, which comes from elsewhere, enters that person’s being and powerfully stimulates the imagination until the listener finds him or herself transported (metaphorically) to a place beyond the here and now (Kun 13; 22 - 23). What follows is a confrontation between the listener’s understanding of his or her own self-identity and the context in which the song is situated. An audiotopia is rather like a “utopia,” a safe, ideal place, but more closely mirrors what Michel Foucault calls a “heterotopia,” or a combined multiplicity of idealized places and spaces where the social, cultural, and geographical boundaries known in reality are morphed into a world in which they can all exist together harmoniously (Kun 23). Because of its audiotopic power, music is particularly well-suited to foster social change. It places its listeners in within a song’s setting and the individual(s) the song may be about, allowing them to share in the lives and experiences of others. Although Kun mentions Pete Seeger in Audiotopia’s introduction, he goes on to analyze musical audiotopias through exploring racial issues in the twentieth century. I believe that Seeger’s music is particularly well-suited to an audiotopic analysis. As a man committed to cultural heterogeneity, class equality, and social change, in the mid-twentieth century he sang to (often lily white) audiences about the struggles of African Americans in the Deep South, poor mining communities, immigrant lives, and added to these a number of international songs to further widen his audiences’ musical experiences. During the early days of Seeger’s blacklist when the House Un-American Activities Committee prosecuted him for his left-wing associations, unable to secure larger venues, he sang most often to college students and young children, an impressionable population who grew up in the later sixties questioning their realities and believing they could change them. I find that Seeger’s music fostered his concert-goers’ audiotopic experiences through audience participation, Seeger’s often close proximity to his listeners, the content of his lyrics, his frequent choice to sing in languages other than English, and the ways in which his banjo replicated sounds from around the world. Through musical audiotopias, Seeger the performer introduced his listeners to people and places they may not otherwise have encountered, and this empathy paved the way for greater social change