Lebenssituationen und Wohntrends in Österreich

Individualisierte Familienbiografien, Mobilität in der Arbeitswelt, steigende Wohnungsmieten und eine alternde Gesellschaft - Wohnen und Familie sind gesellschaftliche Systeme, die in vielfältiger Weise miteinander interagieren: Wenn sich die Strukturen von Familie und Lebenslauf ändern, ändern sich auch die Wohnstrukturen. Die vorliegende Studie beleuchtet diese Entwicklungen statistisch und benennt außerdem fünf große Trends, die für die österreichische Gegenwartsgesellschaft kennzeichnend sind. Es geht u.a. um die "neue" Sehnsucht nach Nachbarschaft, um "nomadisches Wohnen" in Wohnwagons, um die Wohnbedürfnisse älterer Menschen und flexible Wohngrundrisse für jede Familiensituation. 17 Praxisbeispiele mit Fotos und Interviews geben Einblick in die neuesten Projekte

Pseudarthrosis after disruption of an incomplete luno-triquetral coalition: a case report

Whilst bony luno-triquetral coalitions are known to be asymptomatic, fibro-cartilage unions can cause ulnar-sided wrist pain. The purpose is to present the rare case of painful pseudarthrosis after traumatic disruption of an incomplete luno-triquetral coalition. Recommendations for proper diagnosis and treatment options will be discussed. The case of a 35-year-old male patient is reported, where disruption of a fibro-cartilaginous luno-triquetral coalition resulted in a painful pseudarthrosis. Luno-triquetral fusion with a corticocancellous wedge from the iliac crest and a Herbert screw was undertaken. Using this method pain was relieved but resulted in minor loss of range of motion. We recommend luno-triquetral fusion in the rare case of fracture or pseudarthrosis of a luno-triquetral coalition. The use of a corticocancellous wedge should be considered depending on gap formation after resection of the pseudarthrosis

Early MRI response monitoring of patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma under treatment with the multikinase inhibitor sorafenib

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>New therapeutic principles in clinical oncology require the adjustment of response criteria to govern therapy decisions. For advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) a new era has recently begun by the approval of the multikinase inhibitor sorafenib. As a unique feature, HCC usually develops in a diseased liver and current imaging technologies employing classical response criteria have not been prospectively evaluated for this new treatment.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>MRI signal patterns were assessed in 21 advanced HCC patients receiving sorafenib. MRI was performed at baseline and in short-term intervals thereafter. Signal changes under therapy on T1WI, T2WI and post-gadolinium images including necrosis volume and its ratio to the entire tumor volume were compared to baseline imaging. To assess the association between the categorical variables, Fisher's exact tests were applied for a statistical analysis. Survey time ranged from 2–65 weeks, and a total of 39 target lesions were evaluated.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Signal abnormalities during sorafenib therapy were disclosed by T1WI and T2WI in 15/21 patients. The predominant tumor signal change was hyperintensity on both T1WI and T2WI. Interestingly, most patients developed MRI signal changes within 4 weeks of therapy; in contrast, two non-responders did not show any signal alteration at follow-up. Under therapy, 16/21 patients presented with new or progressive necrosis, whereas 7 patients achieved temporarily >75% tumor necrosis under sorafenib. Significantly associated MRI variables were increase in T1WI signal and tumor necrosis (p = 0.017) as well as increase of tumor necrosis with an elevated ratio of necrotic to vital tumor areas (p = 0.002). Remarkably, some (3/13) of the patients developing necrotic tumor areas showed a relevant (>20%) increase in tumor volume, which should be considered in the assessment of imaging studies.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>As sorafenib induces early intralesional necrosis with profound changes in T1WI/T2WI MRI signal intensities and measurable necrotic tumor areas in most HCC patients, early MRI-based evaluation could pave the way for its rationale and cost-effective application.</p

Nektarpotential und Blütenmorphologie ausgewählter Sonnenblumensorten

Die Sonnenblume (Helianthus annuus) ist durch ihren späten Blühbeginn eine der letzten Trachtquellen für Honigbienen. Während Merkmale wie Ertrag, morphologische Unterschiede zwischen Sorten oder Krankheitsresistenzen gut dokumentiert werden, ist über Nektarproduktion wenig bekannt. In einem einjährigen Feldversuch wurden Nektarpotential und Kronröhrenmorphologie von 20 Sonnenblumensorten untersucht. Diese Studie zeigte, dass alle 20 getesteten Sonnenblumensorten Nektar produzierten. Hinsichtlich ihrer Nektarproduktion, sowie ihrer Blütenmorphologie, waren signifikante Unterschiede zwischen einigen der Sorten vorhanden. Unter den herrschenden Bedingungen des Feldversuches (Temperatur und Niederschlag) zeigten zwei Sorten eine signifikant höhere Nektarleistung. Eine Sorte fiel durch eine besonders lange Kronröhre auf. Ein niedriger Nektarstand in der Kronröhre könnte dazu führen, dass Honigbienen aufgrund ihrer begrenzten Rüssellänge - nicht mehr den ganzen verfügbaren Nektar aus der Blüte aufsaugen können. Mittels HPLC konnten Glucose und Fructose im Nektar identifiziert werden. Andere Zuckerarten waren in den Nektarproben nicht enthalten. Aus imkerlicher Sicht wären Sonnenblumensorten mit hoher Nektarproduktion, hohem Zuckergehalt und kürzeren Kronröhren ideal, da die Honigbiene daraus die höchste Nektarausbeute erzielen könnte. Die Möglichkeit zur Gewinnung von Sonnenblumenhonig bringt aus volkswirtschaftlicher Sicht mehrere Vorteile: Sie verbessert die Versorgung der Bienen mit Pollen und Nektar, trägt so zur Bienengesundheit bei, verbessert die Ertragslage der Imkereibetriebe und der Sonnenblumenbauern und verringert den Honigimportbedarf in Österreich.The sunflower (Helianthus annuus) is one of the last nectar sources for honey bees. While characteristics such as yield, morphological differences between varieties and disease resistance, are well documented, little is known about nectar production. In a one-year field experiment, the nectar potential and corolla-tube morphology of 20 sunflower varieties were examined. This study showed that all 20 sunflower varieties produced nectar. With regard to their nectar production as well as their flower morphology, there were significant differences between some of the varieties. Under the prevailing conditions of the field trial (temperature and precipitation), two varieties showed a significantly higher nectar performance. One variety attracted attention through a particularly long corolla. A low nectar position in the corolla could cause that the honeybees - because of their limited tongue length - can no longer extract all the available nectar from the flower. Glucose and fructose could be identified by HPLC in the nectar. Other types of sugar were not contained in the nectar samples. For beekeepers, sunflower varieties with high nectar production, high sugar content and shorter crowns would be ideal, because these factors allow the honeybee to produce higher nectar yield. The possibility of obtaining sunflower honey brings several benefits from an economic point of view: the improved supply of pollen and nectar has a positive effect on the bees, which contributes to their health and improves both the yield of honey for beekeepers as well as the yield of sunflower seeds for farmers. Another aspect is that the honey import needs of Austria could be reduced.eingereicht von Christina SchramlZusammenfassung in englischer SpracheUniversität für Bodenkultur Wien, Masterarbeit, 2016(VLID)193596

From Obstacle to Opportunity: Bürgerbeteiligung in der lebenswertesten Stadt der Welt

"Vor dem Hintergrund aktueller Diskurse um die zunehmende Bedeutung von kollektiven Entscheidungsprozessen bzw. um die Beteiligung von Bürgerinnen und Bürgern in urbanen Planungsprozessen versucht dieser Beitrag einen Zusammenhang zwischen gegenwärtigen Beteiligungsstrategien und 'smarter', nachhaltiger und demokratischer Stadtentwicklung herzustellen. Anhand zweier konkreter Wiener Fallbeispiele wird untersucht, welchen Nutzen und welche Schwierigkeiten die Beteiligung der Bürgerinnen und Bürger mit sich bringt, sowie der Frage nachgegangen, wie man Beteiligungsprozesse so gestalten kann, dass ein gemeinsamer Dialog zwischen Bürgerinnen und Bürgern, als 'lokale Expertinnen und Experten' mit verschiedenen sozio-kulturellen Hintergründen und diversen Bedürfnissen, und Planungsexpertinnen und -experten angeregt wird. Ein Verständnis von Planungsprozessen als gemeinschaftliche Aufgabe trägt zu Transparenz, Offenheit und Akzeptanz bei, was wiederum die effizienteste Form der Konfliktprävention darstellt. Ein Schwerpunkt des Beitrags liegt auf dem partizipativen Urban Re:view Place Assessment Tool." (Autorenreferat)"Against the background of increasing participation processes in urban planning, this contribution explores the relationship between contemporary participation processes and smart, sustainable, and democratic city development. Participatory planning is increasingly gaining importance in urban discourse as collective decision-making has the potential to diminish traditional power structures. Public engagement at an early stage of the development process can increase the value of public contribution and reduce the likelihood of public rejection of eventual proposals. By describing two examples of Viennese participation processes this contribution outlines some major advantages, shortcomings and challenges of public participation. Furthermore, the Urban Re:view Place Assessment Tool is presented as a low-tech, low-cost, highly inclusive method of urban analysis which can foster public participation." (author's abstract

People, Places and Networks: Vernetzung und Verortung der Digital- und Kreativszene in Manchester

"Dieser Artikel analysiert die Vernetzung und Verortung der Digital- und Kreativszene in Greater Manchester. Anhand der qualitativen Untersuchung des digitalen Netzwerkes CING, welches 2008 in Manchester gegründet wurde, wird insbesondere die ambivalente Beziehung zwischen physischem Ort und virtuellem Raum untersucht. Im Fokus der Analyse steht die Frage, inwieweit der virtuelle Raum eine Gefahr für den physischen Ort darstellt unter der Berücksichtigung möglicher Folgen für die moderne Raumplanung. Die Analyse der Fallstudie soll zeigen, dass Menschen (people) in Zeiten modernster Kommunikation, die stark durch soziale Netzwerke beeinflusst wird, miteinander vernetzt sind (networks), ohne dabei ihre Verortung (places) zu verlieren." (Autorenreferat)"This article analyses the interconnections as well as the situatedness of the digital and creative scene in Greater Manchester. Based on qualitative research on the digital network CING, which was founded in Manchester in 2008, a key aim is to explore the ambivalent relation between physical place and virtual space. Most notably, the analysis focuses on the extent to which virtual space poses a threat to physical space – especially with regard to possible consequences for contemporary spatial planning. The case study's analysis serves to illustrate that in these times of advanced communication technologies, people strongly influenced by social networks are linked together in these networks without losing their particular situatedness (places)." (author's abstract

Is There Any Additional Benefit of Contrast-Enhanced CT as Part of Routine PET/CT Protocols for the Differentiation of Suspicious Incidental Gastrointestinal. 2-Deoxy-F-18-FDG Uptake?

OBJECTIVE: Suspicious incidental gastrointestinal FDG uptake during positron-emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) examinations can be caused by different diseases, including malignancies. However, differentiation with PET alone is difficult. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of PET alone, contrast-enhanced CT (ceCT), and low-dose CT (ldCT) in routine PET/CT protocols for differentiation of incidental gastrointestinal lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty patients with incidental gastrointestinal lesions who underwent a routine PET/CT protocol with ldCT and ceCT were retrospectively analysed. The PET lesions were evaluated regarding their FDG uptake patterns and the standard uptake value. The anatomical correlates in both CT protocols were compared in regard to the correct lesion classification with the reference standard endoscopy. RESULTS: Sixty-two lesions were found in 60 patients (17 malignant, 10 premalignant, 5 benign, 13 inflammatory, 17 physiological). The differentiation of the FDG uptake patterns did not enable reliable lesion classification. The positive predictive value for pathology was 0.81 for ceCT in PET/CT and 0.70 for ldCT. Malignancies were detected in 100% of the patients by ceCT vs. 29.4% by ldCT. The false negative rate of ceCT for all pathologies was 31.1%, vs. 68.9% for ldCT. False positive results (17/62) could not be excluded sufficiently by either CT protocol. CONCLUSION: PET/ceCT protocols provide additional benefit especially in detecting gastrointestinal malignancies as a cause of suspicious incidental gastrointestinal FDG uptake. However, since follow-up endoscopy cannot be forgone due to the considerable false negative rate even with ceCT, the addition of ceCT to a routine PET/ldCT protocol cannot be recommended for this purpose