The Home Bias in Equities and Distribution Costs

We show that including distribution costs into a general equilibrium model of inter- national portfolio choice contributes to explaining the "home bias" in international equity investment. Our model is able to replicate observed investment positions for a wide range of parameter values, even if agents have an incentive to hedge labor income risk by purchasing foreign equity. This is because the existence of a retail sector affects both the correlation of domestic returns with the domestic price level and the correlation between financial and nonfinancial income.

A systematic literature review of studies analyzing the effect of sex, age, education, marital status, obesity, and smoking on health transitions

Sex, age, education, marital status, obesity, and smoking have been found to affect health transitions between non-disabled, disabled, and death. Our aim is to review the research literature on this topic and provide structured information, first on the availability of results for each risk factor and transition, and then on detailed study characteristics and disability measures. We use expert recommendations and the electronic databases Medline, PsycINFO, and SOCA. The search is confined to the years 1985-2005, and produced a total of 7,778 articles. Sixty-three articles met the selection criteria regarding study population, longitudinal design, risk factors, transition, and outcome measures.gender, health, mortality, obesity, review, sex, smoking, systematic review, transition

Health effects of heating, ventilation and air conditioning on hospital patients: a scoping review

Background: In the face of climate change, the protection of vulnerable patients from extreme climatic conditions is of growing interest to the healthcare sector and governments. Inpatients are especially susceptible to heat due to acute illness and/or chronic diseases. Their condition can be aggravated by adverse environmental factors. Installing air conditioning can be seen as an element of public health adaptation because it was shown to improve mortality rates of hospital patients experiencing hot temperatures. Still, the mediating factors and resulting health effects are largely unknown. Method: The PRISMA-ScR guideline was followed for this scoping review. Available evidence on the health effects of Heating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning (HVAC) and fans was searched in Medline, Embase and the Cochrane Library. The focus of the search strategy was on inpatients of the hospital. Grey literature was screened on 14 relevant websites. English and German publications were eligible without restrictions on publication date. Results were charted according to the categories population, intervention, control and outcome together with a qualitative description. Results: The review process yielded eleven publications of which seven were issued after 2003. Seven were clinical trials, three cross-sectional studies and one was a case report. The publications described the installation of HVAC on general wards and in intensive care units. Main topics were heat stress protection and support of thermoregulation, but also the rewarming of hypothermic patients. HVAC use resulted in a recovery effect shown by improved vital signs, reduced cardiac stress, accelerated recuperation and greater physical activity. This protective effect was demonstrated by a shorter hospital stay for patients with respiratory disease and a reduction of mortality for heat illness patients. Conclusion: This scoping review summarises the fragmented evidence on health effects of HVAC and fan utilisation for inpatients. Installing HVAC has the potential to improve patients' outcomes and to make hospital treatment more efficient during heat waves. The application of HVAC could be a promising adaptation measure to mitigate the adverse effects of climate change on health and healthcare systems

Structure symmetry determination and magnetic evolution in Sr2Ir1−xRhxO4\rm Sr_2Ir_{1-x}Rh_{x}O_4

We use single-crystal neutron diffraction to determine the crystal structure symmetry and the magnetic evolution in the rhodium doped iridates $\rm Sr_2Ir_{1-x}Rh_{x}O_4$ ($0\leq x \leq 0.16$). Throughout this doping range, the crystal structure retains a tetragonal symmetry (space group $I4_1/a$) with two distinct magnetic Ir sites in the unit cell forming staggered $\rm IrO_6$ rotation. Upon Rh doping, the magnetic order is suppressed and the magnetic moment of Ir$^{4+}$ is reduced from 0.21 $\rm \mu_B$/Ir for $x=0$ to 0.18 $\rm \mu_B$/Ir for $x=0.12$. The magnetic structure at $x=0.12$ is different from that of the parent compound while the moments remain in the basal plane.Comment: Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev.

ARCHETYPES OF DIGITAL BUSINESS MODELS IN LOGISTICS START-UPS

Our work develops an archetypical representation of current digital business models of Start-Ups in the logistics sector. In order to achieve our goal, we analyze the business models of 125 Start-Ups. We draw our sample from the Start-Up database AngelList and focus on platform-driven businesses. We chose Start-Ups as they often are at the forefront of innovation and thus have a high likelihood of operating digital business models. Following well-established methodological guidelines, we construct a taxonomy of digital business models in multiple iterations. We employ different algorithms for cluster analysis to find and generate clusters based on commonalities between the business models across the dimensions and characteristics of the taxonomy. Ultimately, we use the dominant features of the emerging patterns within the clusters to derive archetypes

Response of Bacterial Communities to Different Detritus Compositions in Arctic Deep-Sea Sediments

Benthic deep-sea communities are largely dependent on particle flux from surface waters. In the Arctic Ocean, environmental changes occur more rapidly than in other ocean regions, and have major effects on the export of organic matter to the deep sea. Because bacteria constitute the majority of deep-sea benthic biomass and influence global element cycles, it is important to better understand how changes in organic matter input will affect bacterial communities at the Arctic seafloor. In a multidisciplinary ex situ experiment, benthic bacterial deep-sea communities from the Long-Term Ecological Research Observatory HAUSGARTEN were supplemented with different types of habitat-related detritus (chitin, Arctic algae) and incubated for 23 days under in situ conditions. Chitin addition caused strong changes in community activity, while community structure remained similar to unfed control incubations. In contrast, the addition of phytodetritus resulted in strong changes in community composition, accompanied by increased community activity, indicating the need for adaptation in these treatments. High-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene and 16S rRNA revealed distinct taxonomic groups of potentially fast-growing, opportunistic bacteria in the different detritus treatments. Compared to the unfed control, Colwelliaceae, Psychromonadaceae, and Oceanospirillaceae increased in relative abundance in the chitin treatment, whereas Flavobacteriaceae, Marinilabiaceae, and Pseudoalteromonadaceae increased in the phytodetritus treatments. Hence, these groups may constitute indicator taxa for the different organic matter sources at this study site. In summary, differences in community structure and in the uptake and remineralization of carbon in the different treatments suggest an effect of organic matter quality on bacterial diversity as well as on carbon turnover at the seafloor, an important feedback mechanism to be considered in future climate change scenarios