Lewis Evans of Natchez to William Christie of Grindstoneford, Claiborne County. December 8, 1812.

https://egrove.olemiss.edu/evans/1014/thumbnail.jp

Lewis Evans of Natchez to William Christie of Gibson Port. February 13, 1814.

https://egrove.olemiss.edu/evans/1016/thumbnail.jp

Lewis Evans of Natchez to William Christie of Bruinsburg. January 22, 1814.

https://egrove.olemiss.edu/evans/1015/thumbnail.jp

Lewis Evans of Natchez to William Christie in Bayou Pierre.

https://egrove.olemiss.edu/evans/1017/thumbnail.jp

Bond of William Christie to Lewis Evans. December 13, 1813

https://egrove.olemiss.edu/evans/1004/thumbnail.jp

Biocompatible 3D printed polymers <i>via</i> fused deposition modelling direct C₂C₁₂ cellular phenotype <i>in vitro</i>

The capability to 3D print bespoke biologically receptive parts within short time periods has driven the growing prevalence of additive manufacture (AM) technology within biological settings, however limited research concerning cellular interaction with 3D printed polymers has been undertaken. In this work, we used skeletal muscle C2C12 cell line in order to ascertain critical evidence of cellular behaviour in response to multiple bio-receptive candidate polymers; polylactic acid (PLA), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polycarbonate (PC) 3D printed via fused deposition modelling (FDM). The extrusion based nature of FDM elicited polymer specific topographies, within which C2C12 cells exhibited reduced metabolic activity when compared to optimised surfaces of tissue culture plastic, however assay viability readings remained high across polymers outlining viable phenotypes. C2C12 cells exhibited consistently high levels of morphological alignment across polymers, however differential myotube widths and levels of transcriptional myogenin expression appeared to demonstrate response specific thresholds at which varying polymer selection potentiates cellular differentiation, elicits pre-mature early myotube formation and directs subsequent morphological phenotype. Here we observed biocompatible AM polymers manufactured via FDM, which also appear to hold the potential to simultaneously manipulate the desired biological phenotype and enhance the biomimicry of skeletal muscle cells in vitro via AM polymer choice and careful selection of machine processing parameters. When considered in combination with the associated design freedom of AM, this may provide the opportunity to not only enhance the efficiency of creating biomimetic models, but also to precisely control the biological output within such scaffolds

Neural and Aneural Regions Generated by the Use of Chemical Surface Coatings

The disordered environment found in conventional neural cultures impedes various applications where cell directionality is a key process for functionality. Neurons are highly specialized cells known to be greatly dependent on interactions with their surroundings. Therefore, when chemical cues are incorporated on the surface material, a precise control over neuronal behavior can be achieved. Here, the behavior of SH-SY5Y neurons on a variety of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) and polymer brushes both in isolation and combination to promote cellular spatial control was determined. APTES and BIBB coatings promoted the highest cell viability, proliferation, metabolic activity, and neuronal maturation, while low cell survival was seen on PKSPMA and PMETAC surfaces. These cell-attractive and repulsive surfaces were combined to generate a binary BIBB-PKSPMA coating, whereby cellular growth was restricted to an exclusive neural region. The utility of these coatings when precisely combined could act as a bioactive/bioinert surface resulting in a biomimetic environment where control over neuronal growth and directionality can be achieved

Materials 3D printed via fused deposition modelling elicit myofibrillar alignment and enhanced differentiation of skeletal muscle cells in-vitro

Materials 3D printed via fused deposition modelling elicit myofibrillar alignment and enhanced differentiation of skeletal muscle cells in-vitr