Single-order-parameter description of glass-forming liquids:A one-frequency test

Thermo-viscoelastic linear-response functions are calculated from the master equation describing viscous liquid inherent dynamics. From the imaginary parts of the frequency-dependent isobaric specific heat, isothermal compressibility, and isobaric thermal expansion coefficient, we define a "linear dynamic Prigogine-Defay ratio" with the property that if this quantity is unity atone frequency, then it is unity at all frequencies. This happens if and only if there is a single-order-parameter description of the thermo-viscoelastic linear responses via an order parameter (which may be non-exponential in time). Generalizations to other cases of thermodynamic control parameters than temperature and pressure are treated in an Appendix.Comment: Replaces arXiv:cond-mat/040570

Træningslejr eller tvangsborg

Training-camp or garrison-fortThis article is an attempt to initiate a discussion on the motives behind the construction of the Danish Viking forts. The excavator of Trelleborg, Poul Nørlund, was him­self the first (in 1948) to put forward the now generally accepted interpretation, that the forts had been training-camps and barracks for the armies with which Sweyn Forkbeard forced England into submission. This theory was taken over without question (in 1962) by Olaf Olsen, who continued the excavations of Aggersborg, Fyrkat and Nonnebakken after the death of C. G. Schultz. In 1963 the theory was elevated almost to the status of gospel truth by the Nestor of Danish fortification research, Vilhelm la Cour. Previous attempts to cast doubt on this interpretation (Lauritz Weibull 1950, P. H. Sawyer 1962) have proved resultless.It is pointed out that the association of the forts with the conquest of England is not only - as Weibull puts it - »pure supposition«; it is an interpretation which on a number of vital points either is in disharmony with or directly incompatible with the archaeological results. Particular attention is given to the question of Trelleborg's connection with the sea, and it is established that the claim of navigable access to the fort from the Great Belt rests upon irresponsible use of certain very limited trial investigations made by the botanist Knud Jessen in the meadows around Trelleborg. Moreover, a large complex of dams associated with a water-mill in the river valley west of Trelleborg has never been investigated, because -as an obstacle to a sea-approach- it was a priori assumed to be mediæval. In the case of the three other forts, too, thorough investigations of surroundings still seem to be lacking.With the obvious reservation that only preliminary reports are yet available on the excavations at Aggersborg, Fyrkat and Nonnebakken, the author is of the opinion that the four Viking forts are best interpreted as garrison-forts, erected by the Danish throne to strengthen its control over the surrounding areas, as a move in its efforts to fuse the separate regions of the country into one kingdom.Tage E. Christianse

Bygningen på søndre Jellinghøj

The house on the south barrow at Jelling In the everlasting discussion about the royal monuments at Jelling, a timber structure on top of the south barrow has, since the excavation in 1941, played the part of a Cartesian devil. To mention the two most diverse opinions, it has been interpreted as the platform for a trigonometrical station from the 1770's and as a mortuary house built shortly after the construction of the barrow in the 10th century. The special importance of the last interpretation - advanced by Harald Andersen (Kuml 1951, pp 91-135) -would be that this might explain why the tumulus -like so many other great Scandinavian tumuli- was empty.A dendrochronological examination of parts of the timber, fortunately preserved by the excavator, the late Ejnar Dyggve, conclusively proves the building to have been medieval. The most likely function of the structure is that of a bell tower belonging to the small stone-built romanesque church erected between the twin barrows. The tower probably fell into disuse when a belfry of masonry was added to the church in the late middle ages.Tage E. Christianse

A correction. The construction of the southern Jelling mound

The construction of the southern Jelling mound. A Correction In Kuml 1975 (p. 163-172), a dendrochronological dating of the remains of the post building found at the top of the southern Jelling mound in 1941 was published. This dating has been found to contain an error, which is corrected here. The correction has no effect on the date of erection of the building, which is still placed slightly after the middle of the 12th century, but makes it uncertain how long the structure was in use. Before the error was discovered it managed to generate another. This refers to the dating of a well at the Viking Age settlement of Trabjerg near Holstebro. Here, too, it is the length of time the well was in use which is affected, not the date at which it was dug. These unfortunately erroneous dates have naturally led to an intensive search for a source of error. Now this has been found, there is every reason to believe that such errors will not occur in the future. Tage E. Christiansen Oversættelse: Peter Crabb                            &nbsp