ANALISIS PERILAKU SEKSUAL REMAJA LAKI-LAKI DAN PEREMPUAN DI KOTA AMBON

Masa remaja ditandai dengan mulai berani untuk menjalin hubungan khusus dengan lawan jenis yang biasa disebut pacaran. Pacaran merupakan salah satu cara yang paling banyak dilakukan dan paling mudah untuk menggiring remaja ke perilaku seksual berisiko. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk menganalisis perilaku seksual remaja laki-laki dan perempuan di Kota Ambon. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi penelitian merupakan remaja di Kota Ambon. Sampel penelitian adalah siswa Sekolah Menengah Atas (SMA)/sederajat di Kota Ambon. Penelitian menggunakan quote sampling dengan sampel sebanyak 50 siswa tiap sekolah. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 1.000 siswa SMA/sederajat yang diambil dari 20 sekolah di Kota Ambon.  Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa sekitar 62,1% remaja pernah menonton video porno dan sekitar 42,7% beranggapan bahwa berpelukan adalah hal yang biasa, sekitar 10,8% remaja pernah melakukan hubungan seksual pranikah. Remaja laki-laki yang memiliki perilaku seksual berisiko sebesar 61,4% sedangkan remaja perempuan yang memiliki perilaku seksual berisiko yaitu 26,4%. Kesimpulannya adalah ada hubungan jenis kelamin dengan perilaku seksual berisiko pada remaja di Kota Ambon (p<0,001). Disarankan bagi guru dan orang tua dapat mengawasi perilaku remaja sehingga tidak terjerumus melakukan perilaku seksual berisiko

Why do some women still prefer traditional birth attendants and home delivery?: a qualitative study on delivery care services in West Java Province, Indonesia

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Trained birth attendants at delivery are important for preventing both maternal and newborn deaths. West Java is one of the provinces on Java Island, Indonesia, where many women still deliver at home and without the assistance of trained birth attendants. This study aims to explore the perspectives of community members and health workers about the use of delivery care services in six villages of West Java Province.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A qualitative study using focus group discussions (FGDs) and in-depth interviews was conducted in six villages of three districts in West Java Province from March to July 2009. Twenty FGDs and 165 in-depth interviews were conducted involving a total of 295 participants representing mothers, fathers, health care providers, traditional birth attendants and community leaders. The FGD and in-depth interview guidelines included reasons for using a trained or a traditional birth attendant and reasons for having a home or an institutional delivery.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The use of traditional birth attendants and home delivery were preferable for some community members despite the availability of the village midwife in the village. Physical distance and financial limitations were two major constraints that prevented community members from accessing and using trained attendants and institutional deliveries. A number of respondents reported that trained delivery attendants or an institutional delivery were only aimed at women who experienced obstetric complications. The limited availability of health care providers was reported by residents in remote areas. In these settings the village midwife, who was sometimes the only health care provider, frequently travelled out of the village. The community perceived the role of both village midwives and traditional birth attendants as essential for providing maternal and health care services.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>A comprehensive strategy to increase the availability, accessibility, and affordability of delivery care services should be considered in these West Java areas. Health education strategies are required to increase community awareness about the importance of health services along with the existing financing mechanisms for the poor communities. Public health strategies involving traditional birth attendants will be beneficial particularly in remote areas where their services are highly utilized.</p

FAKTOR-FAKTOR PENERIMAAN OBAT PADA PROGRAM PEMBERIAN OBAT PENCEGAHAN MASSAL (POPM) FILARIASIS

Filariasis is a systemic infection caused by adult filarial worms transmitted by mosquitoes. The first year MDA program in Kota Ambon (2009-2013) failed because the treatment target was less than 65%. This study aims to determine what are the factors of drug acceptance in Filariasis MDA program in working area of Waihaong and Air Salobar Public Health Center (PHC) in 2016. The type of research is cross sectional analytic. Amount of samples is 210 in each working area of PHC using cluster random sampling technique. The analysis used is Chi-Square test, with the variables studied are age, sex, occupation, education level, and knowledge level. The results showed in working area of Waihaong PHC, There was no correlation between age (p=0,705), sex (p=0,354), occupation (p=0,234), education level (p=0,742), knowledge (p=0,641) with Filariasis drug acceptance. In working area of Air Salobar PHC, there was a relation between sex (p&lt;0.001), occupation (p=0.048), knowledge (p&lt;0.001) with Filariasis drug acceptance, while no relation between age (p = 0.329) (p=0.082) with Filariasis drug acceptance.Filariasis adalah infeksi sistemik yang disebabkan oleh cacing filaria dewasa yang ditularkan melalui nyamuk. Program POPM tahun pertama di Kota Ambon (2009-2013) gagal karena sasaran pengobatan kurang dari 65 %. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apa saja faktor-faktor penerimaan obat pada program POPM Filariasis di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Waihaong dan Puskesmas Air Salobar tahun 2016. Jenis penelitian adalah analitik cross sectional dengan sampel sebanyak 420 menggunakan teknik cluster random sampling. Analisis yang digunakan adalah uji Chi-Square, dengan variabel yang diteliti yaitu usia, jenis kelamin, pekerjaan, tingkat pendidikan, dan tingkat pengetahuan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pada wilayah kerja Puskesmas Waihaong tidak terdapat hubungan antara usia (p=0,705), jenis kelamin (p=0,354), pekerjaan(p=0,234), tingkat pendidikan (p=0,742), pengetahuan (p=0,641) dengan penerimaan obat Filariasis. Pada wilayah kerja Puskesmas Air Salobar, terdapat hubungan antara jenis kelamin (p&lt;0,001), pekerjaan (p=0,048), pengetahuan (p&lt;0,001)dengan penerimaan obat Filariasis, sedangkan tidak terdapat hubungan antara usia (p=0,329), tingkat pendidikan (p=0,082)dengan penerimaan obat Filariasis

PENGARUH TERAPI MUSIK KLASIK TERHADAP PERUBAHAN GEJALA DAN FUNGSI PADA PASIEN RAWAT INAP SKIZOFRENIA DI RUMAH SAKIT KHUSUS DAERAH PROVINSI MALUKU

Schizophrenia is a syndrome with a variety unknown causes and a wide course of disease, as well as a number of consequences that depend on consideration of genetic, physical, and cultural influences. Schizophrenic patients have three symptoms: positive symptoms, negative symptoms, and symptoms of disorganization, which &nbsp;have an impact on the patient's function to interact with family, school, work, environment, religion and social. Classical music therapy is useful for relaxation, perception improvement, concentration, and can increase intrapersonal contact. This study aims to determine the effect of classical music therapy on symptom and function changes in schizophrenic patients hospitalized in the sub-acute section of the Maluku Province Regional Special Hospital. This research is an analytical research with an experimental approach. The subjects were 10 schizophrenic patients who were taken with purposive sampling technique which was included in one group pre test-posttest. Data collection was carried out by using the observation of the Global Assessment of Functioning Scale (GAF Scale) before and after being treated by Ludwig Van Beethoven's Symphony No. 9 classical music in seven sessions for seven times in schizophrenic patients. Symptom and function changes of schizophrenic patients will be compared and analyzed by using the Wilcoxon test. The results found that on average, ten schizophrenic patients had symptoms and functions change measured by GAF Scale scores before classical music treatment was 51-60, but after classical music treatment, there was an increase in GAF Scale score, as much as 50% to 61-70 and&nbsp;50%&nbsp;to&nbsp;be&nbsp;71-80. So, it can be conclude&nbsp;that classical music therapy can reduce the symptoms and improve general function in schizophrenic&nbsp;patients&nbsp;hospitalized. &nbsp;Skizofrenia adalah sindrom dengan variasi penyebab, dan perjalanan penyakit yang luas, tergantung pada pertimbangan pengaruh genetik, fisik, dan budaya. Pasien skizofrenia memiliki tiga gejala yaitu gejala positif, gejala negatif, dan gejala disorganisasi, yang berdampak pada fungsi pasien untuk berinteraksi dengan keluarga, sekolah, pekerjaan, lingkungan, agama, dan sosial. Terapi musik klasik bermanfaat untuk merelaksasi, memperbaiki presepsi, konsentrasi, dan dapat meningkatkan kontak intrapersonal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh terapi musik klasik terhadap perubahan gejala dan fungsi pada pasien skizofrenia rawat inap bagian subakut di Rumah Sakit Khusus Daerah Provinsi Maluku. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analitik dengan pendekatan eksperimental. Subyek penelitian berjumlah 10 orang pasien skizofrenia yang diambil dengan teknik purposive sampling dan dikelompokan dalam one group pretest-posttest. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara observasi menggunakan Global Assessment of Functioning Scale (GAF Scale) sebelum dan sesudah diterapi musik klasik Symphony No 9 karya Ludwig Van Beethoven, dalam&nbsp; waktu 30 menit setiap sesi selama tujuh kali pada pasien skizofrenia. Perubahan gejala dan fungsi pasien skizofrenia akan dibandingkan dan dianalisa dengan menggunakan uji Wilcoxon. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa &nbsp;rata-rata kesepuluh pasien skizofrenia memiliki&nbsp; skor GAF Scale sebelum diterapi musik klasik yaitu 51-60, namun setelah diterapi musik klasik terjadi peningkatan skor GAF Scale, sebanyak 50% menjadi 61-70 dan 50% menjadi 71-80. Jadi, dapat disimpulkan bahwa terapi musik klasik dapat menurunkan gejala yang dirasakan dan meningkatkan fungsi secara umum pasien skizofrenia yang dirawat inap

Determinants of neonatal mortality in Indonesia

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Neonatal mortality accounts for almost 40 per cent of under-five child mortality, globally. An understanding of the factors related to neonatal mortality is important to guide the development of focused and evidence-based health interventions to prevent neonatal deaths. This study aimed to identify the determinants of neonatal mortality in Indonesia, for a nationally representative sample of births from 1997 to 2002.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The data source for the analysis was the 2002–2003 Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey from which survival information of 15,952 singleton live-born infants born between 1997 and 2002 was examined. Multilevel logistic regression using a hierarchical approach was performed to analyze the factors associated with neonatal deaths, using community, socio-economic status and proximate determinants.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>At the community level, the odds of neonatal death was significantly higher for infants from East Java (OR = 5.01, p = 0.00), and for North, Central and Southeast Sulawesi and Gorontalo combined (OR = 3.17, p = 0.03) compared to the lowest neonatal mortality regions of Bali, South Sulawesi and Jambi provinces. A progressive reduction in the odds was found as the percentage of deliveries assisted by trained delivery attendants in the cluster increased. The odds of neonatal death were higher for infants born to both mother and father who were employed (OR = 1.84, p = 0.00) and for infants born to father who were unemployed (OR = 2.99, p = 0.02). The odds were also higher for higher rank infants with a short birth interval (OR = 2.82, p = 0.00), male infants (OR = 1.49, p = 0.01), smaller than average-sized infants (OR = 2.80, p = 0.00), and infant's whose mother had a history of delivery complications (OR = 1.81, p = 0.00). Infants receiving any postnatal care were significantly protected from neonatal death (OR = 0.63, p = 0.03).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Public health interventions directed at reducing neonatal death should address community, household and individual level factors which significantly influence neonatal mortality in Indonesia. Low birth weight and short birth interval infants as well as perinatal health services factors, such as the availability of skilled birth attendance and postnatal care utilization should be taken into account when planning the interventions to reduce neonatal mortality in Indonesia.</p

Penurunan Risiko Jatuh pada Pasien Stroke Non Hemoragik dengan Latihan Keseimbangan di Paralel Bar

AbstrakStroke non hemoragik merupakan sindrom klinis akibat kelainan saraf otak yang dapat menyebabkan hemiparesis (kelemahan salah satu sisi tubuh). Gangguan tersebut mengakibatkan pasien rentan untuk jatuh sehingga sulit atau terbatas dalam melakukan aktivitas sehari-hari. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan suatu latihan fisik guna menghindari risiko jatuh dan membuat pasien lebih mandiri. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, maka tujuan penelitian ini ialah untuk mengetahui pengaruh latihan keseimbangan di paralel bar terhadap risiko jatuh pada pasien stroke non hemoragik di RSUD dr. M. Haulussy Ambon tahun 2017. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Oktober hingga Desember 2017 dan merupakan penelitian analitik dengan menggunakan desain pre experimental one group pretest posttest. Sampel yang diperoleh sebanyak 34 orang dengan menggunakan teknik consecutive sampling. Hasil penelitian diperoleh nilai p&lt;0,001 (4,54-11,05 IK 97,5%) dengan menggunakan uji Wilcoxon yang artinya terdapat perbedaan rata-rata skor risiko jatuh pada pasien stroke non hemoragik sebelum dan sesudah melakukan latihan keseimbangan di paralel bar. Jadi, dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh dari latihan keseimbangan di paralel bar terhadap risiko jatuh pasien stroke non hemoragik. Kata Kunci: latihan keseimbangan, risiko jatuh, stroke non hemoragi

Prevalensi Dan Karakteristik Penderita Hipertensi Pada Penduduk Desa Banda Baru Kabupaten Maluku Tengah Tahun 2020

Pendahuluan. Hipertensi mencapai sekitar 1,13 miliar kasus di dunia. Karena jarang menimbulkan gejala, kondisi hipertensi umumnya sering tidak disadari, sehingga morbiditas lain yang dapat ditimbulkan adalah gagal jantung kongesti, hipertrofi ventrikel kiri, stroke, gagal ginjal stadium akhir, atau bahkan kematian. Tujuan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui prevalensi hipertensi di Desa Banda Baru, Kabupaten Maluku Tengah pada tahun 2020. Metode. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan cross sectional yang dilakukan dengan wawancara, kuesioner dan pengukuran variabel penelitian. Hasil. Dari 168 responden, jumlah kasus hipertensi sebanyak 52 responden (30,9%) dan sebanyak 116 responden (69,1%) tidak mengalami hipertensi. Kelompok usia 36-45 yang terbanyak mengalami hipertensi sejumlah 17 kasus (38,6%), tetapi kasus hipertensi terbesar berdasarkan persentase, yaitu pada kelompok usia 56-65 sebesar 63,2%. Responden dengan hipertensi paling banyak diderita oleh perempuan sejumlah 36 kasus (36,4%). Prevalensi hipertensi berdasarkan riwayat keluarga sejumlah 28 kasus (37,8%). Prevalensi hipertensi berdasarkan perilaku konsumsi alkohol sejumlah 4 kasus (12,5%). Prevalensi hipertensi berdasarkan perilaku merokok sejumlah 14 kasus (24,1%). Prevalensi hipertensi berdasarkan status gizi dengan IMT ≥25 sejumlah 29 kasus (53,7%). Kesimpulan. Kasus hipertensi banyak ditemukan pada usia lanjut, perempuan, responden dengan riwayat hipertensi dalam keluarga, dan obesitas

HUBUNGAN DERAJAT KEPARAHAN AKNE VULGARIS DENGAN TINGKAT KEPERCAYAAN DIRI PADA MAHASISWA FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN UNIVERSITAS PATTIMURA AMBON

Acne vulgaris is a chronic inflammation of the pilosebaceous unit with multifactorial causes and clinical manifestations in the form of comedones, papules, pustules, nodes, and cysts. According to the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study, acne affects 85% of adolescents to young adults aged 12-25 years. Acne vulgaris has an impact both physically and psychologically, including a person's self-confidence. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the severity of acne vulgaris with the level of self-confidence of the students of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Pattimura. This type of research is quantitative analytic with a cross-sectional study approach. Research respondents were students of the Faculty of Medicine, Pattimura University, Ambon with acne with a total of 83 respondents who were selected by simple random sampling technique. Characteristics of respondents based on age and gender were dominated by respondents aged 19 years (31.3%) and females (86.7%). The results showed that most of the respondents experienced mild acne as many as 54 respondents (65.1%), mostly dominated by moderate-high self-confidence as many as 55 respondents (66.3%). The results showed that there was a significant relationship between the severity of acne vulgaris and the level of confidence in the students of the Faculty of Medicine, Pattimura University, Ambon with p = 0.001. The result of this study can be used as reference material for further research on other causal factors besides acne vulgaris that affect self-confidence

ASSOCIATION BETWEEN KNOWLEDGE AND COMPLIANCE OF TAKING IRON/FOLIC ACID SUPPLEMENTS DURING PREGNANCY

 Objective: In Indonesia, pregnant women are recommended to take a minimum of 90 tablets of iron/folic acid (IFA), to prevent iron deficiency anemia. Our analysis aimed at examining the extent to which improved knowledge on IFA supplementation is associated with women's compliance with taking a minimum of 90 IFA tablets during their last pregnancy in four districts in Indonesia.Methods: Data were derived from a cross-sectional study conducted in four districts, that is, Lebak and Pandeglang District (Banten Province) as well as Purwakarta and Subang District of West Java Province, Indonesia on June 2014. We used information from 436 mothers who delivered their baby in the last 6 months from the time of the survey and received at least 90 IFA tablets during her last pregnancy. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the role of knowledge after controlling for confounders and other significant predictor on compliance with taking a minimum of 90 IFA tablets during pregnancy.Result: Significant association was found between knowledge of IFA supplements and compliance. Compared to women with poor knowledge of IFA supplementation, the odds of taking a minimum of 90 IFA tables increased by almost 100% in women with moderate knowledge (adjusted odd ratio [aOR]=1.96, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.17-3.30, p=0.011); and by more than four times (aOR=5.42, 95% CI: 1.76-16.68, p=0.003) in women with good knowledge of IFA supplementation. Other factors associated with compliance was attendance in at least four antenatal services (aOR=5.71, 95% CI: 1.28-25.53, p=0.023) and pregnant women experience of no side effects resulting from taking IFA tablets during pregnancy (aOR=2.70, 95% CI: 1.63-4.46, p&lt;0.001).Conclusions: Efforts to increase women's knowledge on IFA supplementation through community-based education will increase women's compliance of taking IFA supplements. Strengthening counseling services on potential side effects of IFA supplementation and ways to manage them will also help to improve compliance

KENDALA PELAKSANAAN POSBINDU PTM DI PULAU SAPARUA KABUPATEN MALUKU TENGAH DARI SUDUT PANDANG PENGAMBIL KEBIJAKAN

Penyakit tidak Menular (PTM) merupakan penyebab kematian nomor satu di seluruh dunia. PTM juga merupakan penyebab tersering kematian prematur di seluruh dunia. Pada tahun 2016, PTM menjadi penyebab 71% kematian di seluruh dunia. Di Indonesia sendiri pada tahun yang sama, 73% kematian disebabkan oleh PTM. Akibat tingginya angka kematian yang disebabkan oleh PTM inilah maka pemerintah menetapkan berbagai program yang salah satunya adalah melalui deteksi dini faktor risiko PTM dalam kegiatan Posbindu PTM. &nbsp;Pulau Saparua merupakan salah satu area di Kabupaten Maluku Tengah Provinsi Maluku yang hingga akhir tahun 2019 belum melaksanakan Posbindu PTM secara optimal. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif yang dilakukan di tiga desa di Pulau Saparua yakni desa Paperu, Porto dan Ouw. Pengambilan data dilakukan pada bulan Desember 2019 sampai Januari 2020. Dalam penulisan ini peneliti hanya menggunakan hasil wawancara mendalam dengan pengambil kebijakan di tingkat desa hingga provinsi. Berdasarkan hasil wawancara kendala yang dilaporkan di tingkat desa adalah minimnya pengetahuan pengambil kebijakan tentang PTM maupun posbindu PTM, rumitnya pertimbangan alokasi dana, belum adanya pemahaman masyarakat mengenai PTM dan pemeriksaannya di Posbindu. Kendala di tingkat kecamatan ialah tidak adanya penjelasan dan pendampingan dari Dinas Kesehatan terkait pelaksanaan Posbindu, kurangnya kesadaran masyarakat, dana bantuan dari pemerintah desa susah didapat, lokasi pelaksanaan posbindu, keterbatasan jumlah kader, kekhawatiran kader untuk melakukan pemeriksaan, ketidak percayaan masyarakat terhadap kader non-medis yang melakukan pemeriksaan, ketidak percayaan masyarakat terhadap hasil pemeriksaan dengan menggunakan alat digital, tidak fokusnya pemerintah pada masalah PTM. Kendala di tingkat kabupaten termasuk pelaksanaan posbindu oleh Puskesmas belum tepat dan tidak efektif, petugas Puskesmas belum dilatih, seringnya pergantian pemegang program di Puskesma, kurangnya pemahaman pemegang program di Puskesmas tentang Posbindu PTM, kekhawatiran kader dalam melakukan tindakan pemeriksaan dan kurangnya alat yang dimiliki Puskesmas. Di tingkat Provinsi, kendala yang dilaporkan adalah minimnya bantuan dari pemerintah pusat. Dari berbagai kendala yang ditemukan pada penelitian ini kemudian dibahas sesuai panduan yang berlaku untuk mengoptimalkan pelaksanaan Posbindu PTM di pulau Saparu