Altered attributional style in Borderline Personality Disorder.

<p>ASF-E results on internality (INT), stability (STAB) and globality (GLOB) of attributions for positive and negative events in healthy controls (HC) and patients with Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD). (*) p<.10, p**<.01, *** p<.001.</p

Results of the repeated measures ANOVA of word valence ratings with group (healthy controls, Borderline Personality Disorder patients), valence (negative, neutral, positive) and reference (article, self-reference, other-reference).

<p>Results of the repeated measures ANOVA of word valence ratings with group (healthy controls, Borderline Personality Disorder patients), valence (negative, neutral, positive) and reference (article, self-reference, other-reference).</p

Word appraisal depending on referential context and word valence.

<p>Valence ratings of nouns depending on valence and referential context for healthy controls (HC) and patients with Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD). (*) p<.10, p**<.01, *** p<.001.</p

Gene Expression Profiles in Relation to Tension and Dissociation in Borderline Personality Disorder

<div><p>The biological underpinnings of borderline personality disorder (BPD) and its psychopathology including states of aversive tension and dissociation is poorly understood. Our goal was to examine transcriptional changes associated with states of tension or dissociation within individual patients in a pilot study. Dissociation is not only a critical symptom of BPD but has also been associated with higher risk for self-mutilation and depression. We conducted a whole blood gene expression profile analysis using quantitative PCR in 31 female inpatients with BPD. For each individual, two samples were drawn during a state of high tension and dissociation, while two samples were drawn at non-tension states. There was no association between gene expression and tension states. However, we could show that Interleukin-6 was positively correlated to dissociation scores, whereas Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha isoforms, Mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 and 8, Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-2, Beta-arrestin-1 and 2, and Cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein were negatively correlated to dissociation. Our data point to a potential association of dissociation levels with the expression of genes involved in immune system regulation as well as cellular signalling/second-messenger systems. Major limitations of the study are the the possibly heterogeneous cell proportions in whole blood and the heterogeneous medication.</p></div

Demographic and clinical variables in healthy control participants (HC) and patients with Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD).

<p>Demographic and clinical variables in healthy control participants (HC) and patients with Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD).</p

Rating scores in the word valence judgment task and performance in the memory tasks in healthy control participants (HC) and patients with Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD).

<p>Rating scores in the word valence judgment task and performance in the memory tasks in healthy control participants (HC) and patients with Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD).</p

Correlations between self-referential appraisal bias and attributional style.

<p>Healthy controls (HC) and patients with Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) differ in correlations of valence ratings referred to the self in comparison to others and internal, stable and global attributions of negative events for positive and neutral nouns.</p

PPI full factorial analysis of positive correlation with the insula; interaction effect group by valence by temperature, mean beta values and standard error of the mean of the peak voxels in the putamen (3a), and precuneus (3b), dlPFC (3c), PCC (3d), nucleus caudatus (3e).

<p>PPI full factorial analysis of positive correlation with the insula; interaction effect group by valence by temperature, mean beta values and standard error of the mean of the peak voxels in the putamen (3a), and precuneus (3b), dlPFC (3c), PCC (3d), nucleus caudatus (3e).</p

Full Factorial Analysis PPI, significant three-way interaction effects.

<p>Full Factorial Analysis PPI, significant three-way interaction effects.</p

DSS total scores and tension sub-scores for tension and non-tension state.

<p>Scores are averages over the two observations in each state. The dashed line represents the patients and the two states of each patient.</p