Valoriser le patrimoine culturel pyrénéen à l’aide d’une plateforme et d’une application mobile

Le projet TCVPYR est un projet européen FEDER dont le but est de promouvoir le tourisme dans la région française des Pyrénées en exploitant son patrimoine culturel. Il implique des chercheurs de différents domaines : géographes, historiens, anthropologues et informaticiens. Cet article présente deux approches pour tirer parti des points d’intérêts (POI) liés au patrimoine culturel, toutes deux intégrant des concepts du Web de données. La première s’intéresse à la publication automatique des données dans des plateformes open data connues comme Wikipédia. La seconde concerne une application mobile open source dédiée à des itinéraires touristiques. La première approche propose un processus automatique complet permettant de publier n’importe quel jeu de données sur Wikipédia. Grâce à une preuve de concepts (POC), nous avons validé ce processus sur un jeu de données contenant des données géoréférencées du patrimoine culturel, collectées par les chercheurs du projet TCVPYR dans différentes régions des Pyrénées. Ces mêmes données sont également mises à disposition du grand public dans la seconde approche originale de valorisation : une application mobile open source dédiée à la valorisation du patrimoine pyrénéen via la génération personnalisée d’itinéraires touristiques.TCVPYR is a European FEDER project which aims to promote tourism in the French Pyrenees region by leveraging its cultural heritage. It involves scientists from various domains: geographers, historians, anthropologists, and computer scientists. This paper presents two approaches to exploit cultural heritage points of interest (POI), both using Web of data concepts. One consists in publishing these data into the database of well-known open data platforms such as Wikipedia. The other one consists in an open source mobile application dedicated to touristic itineraries. The first approach involves a fully automated process to publish any dataset on Wikipedia. Thanks to a proof of concept (POC), we validate this process on a sample of geo-referenced cultural heritage data collected by TCVPYR researchers in different regions of the Pyrenees. These same data are also highlighted in the second approach via a mobile application recommending personalised touristic itineraries

Chapitre 10. Pédologie

avec la collaboration de Fernand Bourgeat, Michel Brossard, Jean Riquier, Patrice Roederer, Pierre Ségalen, Georges Serpantié, Michel Sourdat, Jacques Vieillefon, Jean-François Vizier © IRD/s. Bonvallot – Paysage de l'Itasy, petit cône volcanique avec cultures vivrières sur les versants. Introduction Le terme « pédologie » est créé en 1862, par Friedrich Albert Fallou, un juriste allemand passionné de science du sol (Feller et al., 2008). Selon Asio (2005), Fallou aurait déjà développé la n..

Main ethnic groups represented in the edible survey in Laos^*.

<p>*Only ethnic group represented by more than 10 people.</p><p>Main ethnic groups represented in the edible survey in Laos^{<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0136458#t002fn001" target="_blank">*</a>}.</p

Perception of edible insect nutritive value.

<p>Perception of edible insect nutritive value.</p

Insect Consumption to Address Undernutrition, a National Survey on the Prevalence of Insect Consumption among Adults and Vendors in Laos

<div><p>Background</p><p>Insect consumption (entomophagy) is a potentially high nutritious and healthy source of food with high fat, protein, vitamin, fiber and micronutrient content. At least 2 billion people globally eat insects (over 1900 edible species) though this habit is regarded negatively by others. There is a limited amount of data on the perception and consumption of insects. We conducted a national cross-sectional survey in the Lao People’s Democratic Republic (Laos) to assess the prevalence and characteristics of insect consumption among adult lay people and insect vendors.</p><p>Methods</p><p>We conducted a multi stage randomized national survey in 1303 households in 96 villages in 16 Lao provinces. Three insect vendors or collectors per village were also included. A standardized pretested questionnaire addressed the following issues: socioeconomic characteristics, type of insects consumed and frequency of consumption, reasons and trends in consumption as well as reports on side effects, over the last 10 years.</p><p>Results</p><p>A total of 1059 adults (Sex ratio F/M: 1.2, 30 ethnic groups), and 256 vendors were enrolled. A total of 1025 (96.8%) lay people were currently insect consumers, 135 (13.0%) daily or weekly consumers, and 322 (31.1%) consumed several times per month. For the majority (575, 55.6%) the consumption was infrequent (less than a few times per year) and only 22 (2%) had never eaten insects. Consumption started in childhood. Insect availability was seasonal (670, 63.2%) and respondents would have eaten more insects, if they had been more available (919, 86.7%). Hmong and Leu ethnic groups had significantly lower consumption levels than the general population. Eggs of weaver ants, short-tailed crickets, crickets, grasshoppers, and cicadas were the top 5 insects consumed. Consumption had decreased in the last decade, mostly due to less availability (869; 84.0%) and change of life (29; 5.5%). Of 1059, 80 (7.5%) reported allergy problems and 106 (10.0%) reported some use in traditional medicine. A total of 874 (82.6%) were regular collectors.</p><p>Insect vendors (Sex ratio F/M: 5.3) were also collectors (185; 72.2%). They dedicated a mean time of 4.7 hours during the last harvesting period. The majority sold insects at markets (141, 55.0%). They had earned, on average, USD 6.0 the day before. Five insects (weaver ant eggs; bamboo worms; short-tailed crickets; crickets; wasps) represented 85% of the market.</p><p>Conclusion</p><p>Entomophagy is general in Laos, and well accepted despite a decreasing trend in consumption over the last decade. Its contribution to the Lao diet is limited to a minority of frequent consumers. Income through insect sales benefits mostly women. Consumption varies according to ethnicity, residence and season. Development of insect farming is still at an early stage. It could however increase availability of insects and contribute to the generation of income.</p></div

Childhood dysglycemia: prevalence and outcome in a referral hospital.

INTRODUCTION: Hypoglycemia is a defining feature of severe malaria and several other infectious diseases in children but the prevalence, significance, and prognosis of abnormal blood glucose, including hyperglycemia, have rarely been addressed in severely ill children in non-malaria endemic areas. METHODS: In Madagascar, consecutive children (1 month-15 years) admitted to the pediatric ward of a referral hospital, were categorized using the integrated management of childhood illness (IMCI). Samples were taken once on admission for measuring blood glucose concentration. Glycemia levels (hypoglycemia <2.2 mmol/l; low glycemia: 2.2-4.4 mmol/l; normoglycemia >4.4-8.3 mmol/l; and hyperglycemia >8.3 mmol/l) were related to the IMCI algorithm and case fatality. Factors associated with blood glucose concentration and case fatality were analysed using univariate and multivariate analysis. RESULTS: Of 420 children, 48.1% (n = 202) were severely ill; 3.1% (n = 13) had hypoglycemia; 20.0% (n = 84) low glycemia; 65.9% (n = 277) normoglycemia; and 10.9% (n = 46) hyperglycemia. In univariate analysis, hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia both showed significant increase in the risk of death, as compared to normal blood glucose (RR: 12.2, 95% CI: 6.2-23.7 and RR: 2.5, 95% CI: 1.0-6.2, respectively). Children with low glycemia had no increased risk of death (RR: 1.2, 95% CI: 0.4-3.2) despite a poorer IMCI status on admission. After logistic regression, hypoglycemia (RR: 19.4, 95% CI: 5.0-.74.7, hepatomegaly (RR: 12.2, 95% CI: 3.3-44.9) and coma (RR: 4.8, 95% CI: 1.3-17.6) were the features on admission associated with an increased risk of death. CONCLUSIONS: Dysglycemia in non-neonates is associated with increased mortality. These findings underline the need for the use of rapid screening tests to initiate early treatment. Alternative treatments such as oral or sublingual administration of glucose should be developed in structures with limited resources

Main practices and current trends of insect consumption in Laos.

<p>1 US dollar = 8000 kip</p><p>Mean, and 95% confidence interval (95%CI).</p><p>*The main reasons of insect’s popularity were mostly their taste (603, 68.2%), their easiness to collect, and the potential income that can be generated when collected in great numbers.</p><p>** 629 (71.9%) spent less than 3 hours collecting insects, 157 (17.9%) between 3 and 6 hours, and 88 (10%) more than 6 hours.</p><p>*** The median expense at last purchase varied from 0.6 US dollars in Phounoy ethnic group up to 1.5 in Hmong groups (p = 0.003). 154 (14.5%) reported to buy once a year. The specific reason for this rare event was not assessed.</p><p>Main practices and current trends of insect consumption in Laos.</p

Geographical distribution of insect consumers in Laos.

<p>Geographical distribution of insect consumers in Laos.</p

Flow chart of the national edible insect survey in Laos.

<p>Flow chart of the national edible insect survey in Laos.</p

Characteristics of population during national edible insect survey in Laos.

<p>Mean and 95% confidence interval,</p><p>** US dollars: 1 $ = 8000 kip.</p><p>Characteristics of population during national edible insect survey in Laos.</p