Results of the kinematic motion analysis—the mean values and S.D. are listed.

<p>Results of the kinematic motion analysis—the mean values and S.D. are listed.</p

The results of the kinematic motion analysis (maximum stride length in m and maximum height of the arc of hoof flight in mm at the walk and trot) of the forelimbs showed that there were no significant differences between "no tape", "with tape" and "post tape" (P>0.05).

<p>The results of the kinematic motion analysis (maximum stride length in m and maximum height of the arc of hoof flight in mm at the walk and trot) of the forelimbs showed that there were no significant differences between "no tape", "with tape" and "post tape" (P>0.05).</p

Results of the sEMG of the M. brachiocephalicus—the mean values and S.D. are listed.

<p>Results of the sEMG of the M. brachiocephalicus—the mean values and S.D. are listed.</p

Example for a sEMG of the M. extensor carpi radialis.

<p>The electromyographic activity in extensor carpi radialis was concentrated at the middle of the swing phase.</p

Example for a sEMG of the M. brachiocephalicus.

<p>The M. brachiocephalicus muscle activity was highest during the later part of the ipsilateral forelimb stance phase.</p

The complete marker set (green dots), the bipolar AgCl electrodes (blue dots) and the Kinesio Tapes (red stripes) on the left side of the horse’s body (lateral view).

<p>The complete marker set (green dots), the bipolar AgCl electrodes (blue dots) and the Kinesio Tapes (red stripes) on the left side of the horse’s body (lateral view).</p

Data_Sheet_1_A validation study to analyze the reliability of center of pressure data in static posturography in dogs.PDF

IntroductionCenter of pressure (COP) parameters are frequently assessed to analyze movement disorders in humans and animals. Methodological discrepancies are a major concern when evaluating conflicting study results. This study aimed to assess the inter-observer reliability and test-retest reliability of body COP parameters including mediolateral and craniocaudal sway, total length, average speed and support surface in healthy dogs during quiet standing on a pressure plate. Additionally, it sought to determine the minimum number of trials and the shortest duration necessary for accurate COP assessment.Materials and methodsTwelve clinically healthy dogs underwent three repeated trials, which were analyzed by three independent observers to evaluate inter-observer reliability. Test-retest reliability was assessed across the three trials per dog, each lasting 20 seconds (s). Selected 20 s measurements were analyzed in six different ways: 1 × 20 s, 1 × 15 s, 2 × 10 s, 4 × 5 s, 10 × 2 s, and 20 × 1 s.ResultsResults demonstrated excellent inter-observer reliability (ICC ≥ 0.93) for all COP parameters. However, only 5 s, 10 s, and 15 s measurements achieved the reliability threshold (ICC ≥ 0.60) for all evaluated parameters.DiscussionThe shortest repeatable durations were obtained from either two 5 s measurements or a single 10 s measurement. Most importantly, statistically significant differences were observed between the different measurement durations, which underlines the need to standardize measurement times in COP analysis. The results of this study aid scientists in implementing standardized methods, thereby easing comparisons across studies and enhancing the reliability and validity of research findings in veterinary medicine.</p

Meniscus´ stiffness.

<p>Meniscus´ stiffness was calculated as the slope of the load-deformation curve.</p

Age related changes of the equine meniscus´ biomechanical properties.

<p>Age related changes of the equine meniscus´ biomechanical properties.</p

Age and topographic differences in GAG content.

<p>Representative micrographs showing age related increase of GAG production (Alcian blue staining) in the SL, OL and IL (middle and abaxial zone) of a 1 year (y), 9y and 17y old horse (all pictures from lateral menisci, region B). Scale bars as depicted.</p