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Biofouling Effects on the Response of a Wave Measurement Buoy in Deep Water
Comparing air-sea flux measurements from a new unmanned surface vehicle and proven platforms during the SPURS-2 field campaign.
© The Author(s), 2019. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Zhang, D., Cronin, M. F., Meinig, C., Farrar, J. T., Jenkins, R., Peacock, D., Keene, J., Sutton, A., & Yang, Q. Comparing air-sea flux measurements from a new unmanned surface vehicle and proven platforms during the SPURS-2 field campaign. Oceanography, 32(2), (2019): 122-133, doi:10.5670/oceanog.2019.220.Two saildrones participated in the Salinity Processes in the Upper-ocean Regional Study 2 (SPURS-2) field campaign at 10°N, 125°W, as part of their more than six-month Tropical Pacific Observing System (TPOS)-2020 pilot study in the eastern tropical Pacific. The two saildrones were launched from San Francisco, California, on September 1, 2017, and arrived at the SPURS-2 region on October 15, one week before R/V Revelle. Upon arrival at the SPURS-2 site, they each began a two-week repeat pattern, sailing around the program’s central moored surface buoy. The heavily instrumented Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) SPURS-2 buoy serves as a benchmark for validating the saildrone measurements for air-sea fluxes. The data collected by the WHOI buoy and the saildrones were found to be in reasonably good agreement. Although of short duration, these ship-saildrone-buoy comparisons are encouraging as they provide enhanced understanding of measurements by various platforms in a rapidly changing subsynoptic weather system. The saildrones were generally able to navigate the challenging Intertropical Convergence Zone, where winds are low and currents can be strong, demonstrating that the saildrone is an effective platform for observing a wide range of oceanographic variables important to air-sea interaction studies.The TPOS-2020 saildrone pilot study was funded by the NOAA Ocean Observations and Monitoring Division of the Climate Programs Office. The WHOI flux mooring was funded by NASA as part of the SPURS-2 program. This work is partially funded by
the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative Agreement NA15OAR4320063. We thank SPURS-2 cruise Chief Scientist Kyla Drushka of APL/University of Washington, Fred Bingham of the University of
North Carolina, and Dave Rivera of PMEL onboard R/V Revelle for close coordination between ship operation and saildrone piloting. High-quality shipboard air-sea flux measurements by Carol Anne Clayson and James Edson of WHOI are greatly
appreciated. We also thank the editors and two anonymous reviewers for their thoughtful suggestions that helped to improve this manuscript. This is PMEL contribution #4899
A comparison of buoy meteorological systems
During May and June 2000, an intercomparison was made of buoy meteorological
systems from the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), the National Oceanographic
and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL),
and the Japanese Marine Science and Technology Center (JAMSTEC). Two WHOI systems
mounted on a 3 m discus buoy, two PMEL systems mounted on separate buoy tower tops and
one JAMSTEC system mounted on a wooden platform were lined parallel to, and 25 m from
Nantucket Sound in Massachusetts. All systems used R. M. Young propeller anemometers,
Rotronic relative humidity and air temperature sensors and Eppley short-wave radiation sensors.
The PMEL and WHOI systems used R. M.Young self-siphoning rain gauges, while the
JAMSTEC system used a Scientific Technology ORG-115 optical rain gauge. The PMEL and
WHOI systems included an Eppley PIR long-wave sensor, while the JAMSTEC had no longwave
sensor. The WHOI system used an AIR DB-1A barometric pressure sensor. PMEL and
JAMSTEC systems used Paroscientific Digiquartz sensors. The Geophysical Instruments and
Measurements Group (GIM) from Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) installed two
Portable Radiation Package (PRP) systems that include Eppley short-wave and long-wave
sensors on a platform near the site.
It was apparent from the data that for most of the sensors, the correlation between data
sets was better than the absolute agreement between them. The conclusions made were that the
sensors and associated electronics from the three different laboratories performed comparably.Funding was provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
under Grant Number NA96GPO429
Das Beste Sterbe-Küssen Wolte Am Begräbniß-Tage Des Wohl-Ehrwürdigen, Groß-Achtbaren und Wohlgelahrten Herrn, Herrn M. Joh. Jacob Kloßens, Treu-gewesenen Pfarrers in Eudritzsch, Seines ... Herrn Schwagers und Amts-Bruders, Welcher Den 12. Octobr. 1720. zur grösten Betrübniß Seiner gantzen Werthen Familie erschiene, Bey gegebner Gelegenheit der letzten Predigt, So der Wohl-Seelige in Euderitzsch gehalten ... erwegen M. Christian Gottlieb Meinig, Diaconus in Tauche
Gedächtnisgedicht auf Johann Jakob Kloss, Pfarrer, + 12. Okt. 1720Vorlageform des Erscheinungsvermerks: Leipzig, Gedruckt bey Immanuel Tietzen
Lexicon Hebraicum in compendium redactum in quo omnes radices Hebraicae ... sistuntur
novo plane modo emissum a Christ. Gottlieb Meiningi