Estimating complementarity between education and training

In this paper, we formulate and estimate a structural model of post-schooling training that explicitly allows for possible complementarity between initial schooling levels and returns to training. Precisely, the wage outcome equation depends on accumulated schooling and on the incidence of training. The effect of training on wage growth depends on individual permanent endowments as well as on education. We find evidence of statistically significant complementarity, i.e. the higher educated receive the highest return to the MBA-type training considered here.Skill Complementarity ; Dynamic Treatment Effects ; Dynamic Programming ; Random Coefficients

Estimating Complementarity between Education and Training

In this paper, we formulate and estimate a structural model of post-schooling training that explicitly allows for possible complementarity between initial schooling levels and returns to training. Precisely, the wage outcome equation depends on accumulated schooling and on the incidence of training. The effect of training on wage growth depends on individual permanent endowments as well as on education. We find evidence of statistically significant complementarity, i.e. the higher educated receive the highest return to the MBA-type training considered here.dynamic programming, dynamic treatment effects, skill complementarity, random coefficients

Effect of Elymus repens on yield of winter wheat, spring barley and faba bean in an organic crop rotation experiment

The impact of crop rotation, nutrient levels and use of catch crops on effect of E. repens on a sandy soil at Jyndevad on yield of winter wheat (2006), spring barley (2007-2008) and faba bean (2006-2008) was studied in an existing organic crop rotation experiment (Olesen et al., 2000; Rasmussen et al., 2006). Some of the objectives were to determine the yield loss at different levels of infestation of the weed, and to determine whether this relationship was influenced by the treatments. For all crops, the treatments had a high impact on the yield. The two treatments that had no manure applied for up to 12 years consistently had the lowest yields. In spring barley, the two treatments with manure and with catch crops consistently had the highest yields. In faba bean, the treatment with manure and without catch crops had the highest yields. As for the effect of E. repens shoots on yield, in spring barley, there was a larger decrease in the system without grass clover. The same tendency was seen for winter wheat. For spring barley and faba bean, within each system (with or without grass clover), the yield in treatments without manure was less influenced by E. repens than in treatments with manure

Estimating complementarity between education and training

In this paper, we formulate and estimate a structural model of post-schooling training that explicitly allows for possible complementarity between initial schooling levels and returns to training. Precisely, the wage outcome equation depends on accumulated schooling and on the incidence of training. The effect of training on wage growth depends on individual permanent endowments as well as on education. We find evidence of statistically significant complementarity, i.e. the higher educated receive the highest return to the MBA-type training considered here

Development and evaluation of mould for double curved concrete elements

The present paper describes a concept for a reconfigurable mould surface which is designed to fit the needs of contemporary architecture. The core of the concept presented is a dynamic surface manipulated into a given shape using a digital signal created directly from the CAD drawing of the design. This happen fast, automatic and without production of waste, and the manipulated surface is fair and robust, eliminating the need for additional, manual treatment. Limitations to the possibilities of the flexible form are limited curvature and limited level of detail, making it especially suited for larger, double curved surfaces like facades or walls, where the curvature of each element is relatively small in comparison to the overall shape

A tree-based method for the rapid screening of chemical fingerprints

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The fingerprint of a molecule is a bitstring based on its structure, constructed such that structurally similar molecules will have similar fingerprints. Molecular fingerprints can be used in an initial phase of drug development for identifying novel drug candidates by screening large databases for molecules with fingerprints similar to a query fingerprint.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>In this paper, we present a method which efficiently finds all fingerprints in a database with Tanimoto coefficient to the query fingerprint above a user defined threshold. The method is based on two novel data structures for rapid screening of large databases: the <it>k</it>D grid and the Multibit tree. The <it>k</it>D grid is based on splitting the fingerprints into <it>k </it>shorter bitstrings and utilising these to compute bounds on the similarity of the complete bitstrings. The Multibit tree uses hierarchical clustering and similarity within each cluster to compute similar bounds. We have implemented our method and tested it on a large real-world data set. Our experiments show that our method yields approximately a three-fold speed-up over previous methods.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Using the novel <it>k</it>D grid and Multibit tree significantly reduce the time needed for searching databases of fingerprints. This will allow researchers to (1) perform more searches than previously possible and (2) to easily search large databases.</p

GIS aided avalanche warning in Norway.

By 2008 detailed avalanche warning for the entire Norway is not available. The Norwegian Meteorological Institute only issues a general warning for large regions of the country for danger level 4 or 5, mainly based on automatic indexes integrated in the meteorological forecasting models. Regional and local avalanche warning are issued by the NGI on request of customers such as the railway or road administration and local communities. The NGI warning projects cover vast areas of several 1000 sq km with a very limited budget, approx. 2 man hours a day. Therefore the workflow has to be extremely efficient from acquiring observation data, evaluation of the situation and sending out the new forecast. It has been an aim to include the entire workflow in an all in one web application. A GIS solution was chosen to integrate all data needed by the forecaster for the avalanche danger evaluation. This interactive system of maps features background information for the entire country such as topographic maps, slope steepness, aspect and hill shade to give a 3D impression of the terrain. In each avalanche warning area, all active avalanche paths are plotted including information on the most wind exposed direction. Each avalanche path is linked to a database generated webpage, which will inform the user on more details on the path, such as fall height, release area elevation, pictures etc. In this way the forecaster easily can get an overview over large areas and can give detailed avalanche warnings to the customer. The system is under constant development and is planned to be completely available on web browser such that no special software is needed on local PCs. Future versions will include interactive access to weather data both as 2D fields as well as time series at selected stations