Cohort characteristics by frequency of multivitamin supplement use in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study cohort.

<p>Cohort characteristics by frequency of multivitamin supplement use in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study cohort.</p

Adjusted hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for any use of multivitamin supplements for four upper gastrointestinal cancers stratified by sex or smoking in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study cohort.

<p>Of the eight tests, only smoking status for esophageal adenocarcinoma showed significant effect modification (P = 0.022), but the estimates in both strata have confidence intervals that include 1.</p

Adjusted^* hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for use of individual vitamin or mineral supplements for four upper gastrointestinal cancers in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study cohort.

<p>*Adjustments included age at cohort entry, sex, education, smoking status and intensity, alcohol use, fruit intake, vegetable intake, body mass index (BMI), vigorous physical activity, usual physical activity during the day, and total energy intake.</p><p>**Any use defined as reporting use more than once per month. ESCC = esophageal squamous cell carcinoma; EADC = esophageal adenocarcinoma; GCA = gastric cardia adenocarcinoma; GNCA = gastric noncardia adenocarcinoma.</p

Crude and adjusted^* hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for use of multivitamin supplements for four upper gastrointestinal cancers in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study cohort.

<p>*Adjustments included age at cohort entry, sex, education, smoking status and intensity, alcohol use, fruit intake, vegetable intake, body mass index (BMI), vigorous physical activity, usual physical activity during the day, and total energy intake. ESCC = esophageal squamous cell carcinoma; EADC = esophageal adenocarcinoma; GCA = gastric cardia adenocarcinoma; GNCA = gastric noncardia adenocarcinoma.</p

Description of appendectomies in Sweden during 1970–2009, grouped by underlying diagnoses.

<p>Description of appendectomies in Sweden during 1970–2009, grouped by underlying diagnoses.</p

The secular trends in age-standardized incidence of appendectomy among men and women, stratified by discharge diagnosis.

<p>Panel A. the secular trends in age-standardized incidence of appendectomy among men, stratified by discharge diagnosis; Panel B. the secular trends in age-standardized incidence of appendectomy among women, stratified by discharge diagnosis.</p

Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for gastrointestinal cancers in appendectomy patients, stratified by duration of follow-up.

<p>Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for gastrointestinal cancers in appendectomy patients, stratified by duration of follow-up.</p

Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for gastrointestinal cancers in appendectomy patients with different discharge diagnoses.

<p>Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for gastrointestinal cancers in appendectomy patients with different discharge diagnoses.</p

The age-standardized incidence of appendectomy in Sweden, during 1987–2009 (n = 269,185).

<p>Panel A. the age-standardized incidence of appendectomy over years among overall population; Panel B. the age-standardized incidence of appendectomy over years, stratified by sex; Panel C. the age-standardized incidence of appendectomy over years, stratified by age group; Panel D. the age-standardized incidence of appendectomy over years, stratified by discharge diagnosis.</p

Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior in Relation to Esophageal and Gastric Cancers in the NIH-AARP Cohort

<div><p>Introduction</p><p>Body mass index is known to be positively associated with an increased risk of adenocarcinomas of the esophagus, yet there is there limited evidence on whether physical activity or sedentary behavior affects risk of histology- and site-specific upper gastrointestinal cancers. We used the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study to assess these exposures in relation to esophageal adenocarcinoma (EA), esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), gastric cardia adenocarcinoma (GCA), and gastric non-cardia adenocarcinoma (GNCA). </p> <p>Methods</p><p>Self-administered questionnaires were used to elicit physical activity and sedentary behavior exposures at various age periods. Cohort members were followed via linkage to the US Postal Service National Change of Address database, the Social Security Administration Death Master File, and the National Death Index. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95 percent confidence intervals (95%CI) </p> <p>Results</p><p>During 4.8 million person years, there were a total of 215 incident ESCCs, 631 EAs, 453 GCAs, and 501 GNCAs for analysis. Strenuous physical activity in the last 12 months (HR_{<i>>5 times/week vs. never</i>}=0.58, 95%CI: 0.39, 0.88) and typical physical activity and sports during ages 15–18 years (p for trend=0.01) were each inversely associated with GNCA risk. Increased sedentary behavior was inversely associated with EA (HR_{<i>5–6 hrs/day vs. <1 hr</i>}=0.57, 95%CI: 0.36, 0.92). There was no evidence that BMI was a confounder or effect modifier of any relationship. After adjustment for multiple testing, none of these results were deemed to be statistically significant at p<0.05. </p> <p>Conclusions</p><p>We find evidence for an inverse association between physical activity and GNCA risk. Associations between body mass index and adenocarcinomas of the esophagus do not appear to be related to physical activity and sedentary behavior.</p> </div